平抛运动：物体以一定的初速度沿水平方向抛出，如果物体运动过程中仅受重力作用。平抛运动可看作：水平方向的匀速直线运动以及竖直方向做自由落体运动的合运动。
1.界面设计
MATLAB提供了可视化的用户界面开发环境(GUDevelopment Environment, GuIDE),实现“所见即所得”。GUIDE可方便的创建GUI应用程序,它可以根据用户设计的GUI布局,自动生成M文件的框架,用户使用这一框架编制自己的应用程序。在MATLAB的命令行窗口中键入guide可以打开GUIDE。不过目前matlab更推荐使用appdesigner。
步骤1：在MATLAB命令窗口输入guide
Blank GUI(默认)
一GUI with Uicontrols(带控件对象的GUI模板)
GUI with Axes and Menu(带坐标轴与菜单的GUI模板)
Modal Question Dialog(带模式问话对话框的GUI模板)
选择模板创建gui后，保存文件后，会产生.fig文件以及一个同名字的M文件（注：不可更改为不一致的文件名，否则运行要出错，如果需要修改就是要把程序中的所有相同的名称进行修改）。
步骤2：设计并完成GUI的图形控件布局
完成布局后fig界面如下
使用的控件包括静态文本控件、可编辑文本控件、面板控件、普通按钮控件、坐标区控件。
对于控件和界面画布要统一修改的属性是FontUnits（字体单位）、Units(测量单位属性)。因为不同人的电脑的屏幕大小不同，我们设计的GUI界面的控件大小最好是要能够适应所有尺寸的大小，因为将FontUnits和 Units属性都设置为normalized属性。
（1）FontUnits - 字体单位
'points' （默认） | 'normalized' | 'inches' | 'centimeters' | 'pixels'
字体单位，指定为下表中的值之一。
|
单位值 |
说明 |
|
'points' |
磅。1 磅等于 1/72 英寸。 |
|
'normalized' |
归一化值，将字体大小指定为高度的一定比例。当您调整 UI 组件的大小时，MATLAB 会缩放显示的字体以保持该比例。 |
|
'inches' |
英寸。 |
|
'centimeters' |
厘米。 |
|
'pixels' |
像素。 |
(2) Units - 测量单位
'pixels' （默认） | 'normalized' | 'inches' | 'centimeters' | 'points' | 'characters'
步骤3 设置各个按键的回调函数以及相应控件的程序
（1）修改界面左上角的名称的程序要在GUI的打开的回调函数中执行。
function pingpaoGUI_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin command line arguments to pingpaoGUI (see VARARGIN)
% Choose default command line output for pingpaoGUI
handles.output = hObject;
movegui(gcf,'center');
set(gcf,'NumberTitle','off','Name','平抛运动GUI计算系统');
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);
% UIWAIT makes pingpaoGUI wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);
（2）开始计算按键的回调函数，将平抛运动的过程转化为编程语言，同时获取平抛运动的参数，实现过程绘图。
function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
H = str2num(get(handles.edit1,'string'));
v0= str2num(get(handles.edit2,'string'));
g = 9.8;
T= sqrt(2*H/g);
X= v0*T;
t = 0:0.01:T;
xt = v0.*t;
yt = v0*T-1/2*g.*t;
S = H-1/2.*g*(xt/v0).^2;
vx = v0 zeros(1,length(t));
vy = g.*t;
v = sqrt(vx.^2 vy.^2);
axes(handles.axes1);
plot(xt,S,'linewidth',2);
xlabel('水平位移(m)');
ylabel('高度(m)');
grid on;
hold on;
title('小球运行轨迹图');
axes(handles.axes2);
plot(t,v,'linewidth',2);
xlabel('时间(s)');
ylabel('速度(m/s)');
grid on;
hold on;
title('小球速度随时间变化图');
set(handles.edit3,'string',num2str(T));
set(handles.edit4,'string',num2str(X));
（3）清除按键，将输入的数据中的文本设置为空，同时将在坐标区控件上的内容清除。
function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
set(handles.edit1,'string','');
set(handles.edit2,'string','');
set(handles.edit3,'string','');
set(handles.edit4,'string','');
try
delete(allchild(handles.axes1));
end
try
delete(allchild(handles.axes2));
end
（4）关闭按键，关闭当前的GUI界面。
function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
closereq;
2.界面使用说明
基于MATLAB的GUI界面设计了一个操作简单平抛运动GUI计算界面如下：
点击运行pingpaoGUI.m——输入平抛运动的抛出高度和水平初速度——点击开始计算即可出现结果。需要GUI的.m程序和fig文件，可以进行打赏后截图（10元及以上），进行联系，或者在微信公众号云龙派，点击“联系掌门”进行联系，或者在公众号内回复截图，几小时内会回复。界面编程不易，还请见谅！注：平抛运动GUI的完整程序在文章结尾部分，可以自行观看操作视频通过guide设计gui界面，实现相应的功能。
2.界面举例计算
Step1：输入平抛运动的高度和初速度
Step2：点击开始运动
Step3：可以继续输入新的高度，初速度保持不变。
Step3：可以继续输入新的初速度，高度保持不变。
3.GUI完整程序如下
function varargout = pingpaoGUI(varargin)
% PINGPAOGUI MATLAB code for pingpaoGUI.fig
% PINGPAOGUI, by itself, creates a new PINGPAOGUI or raises the existing
% singleton*.
%
% H = PINGPAOGUI returns the handle to a new PINGPAOGUI or the handle to
% the existing singleton*.
%
% PINGPAOGUI('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
% function named CALLBACK in PINGPAOGUI.M with the given input arguments.
%
% PINGPAOGUI('Property','Value',...) creates a new PINGPAOGUI or raises the
% existing singleton*. Starting from the left, property value pairs are
% applied to the GUI before pingpaoGUI_OpeningFcn gets called. An
% unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
% stop. All inputs are passed to pingpaoGUI_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
% *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu. Choose "GUI allows only one
% instance to run (singleton)".
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES
% Edit the above text to modify the response to help pingpaoGUI
% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 15-Dec-2022 19:57:46
% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, ...
'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, ...
'gui_OpeningFcn', @pingpaoGUI_OpeningFcn, ...
'gui_OutputFcn', @pingpaoGUI_OutputFcn, ...
'gui_LayoutFcn', [] , ...
'gui_Callback', []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end
if nargout
[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
% --- Executes just before pingpaoGUI is made visible.
function pingpaoGUI_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin command line arguments to pingpaoGUI (see VARARGIN)
% Choose default command line output for pingpaoGUI
handles.output = hObject;
movegui(gcf,'center');
set(gcf,'NumberTitle','off','Name','平抛运动GUI计算系统');
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);
% UIWAIT makes pingpaoGUI wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);
% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = pingpaoGUI_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton1.
function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
H = str2num(get(handles.edit1,'string'));
v0= str2num(get(handles.edit2,'string'));
g = 9.8;
T= sqrt(2*H/g);
X= v0*T;
t = 0:0.01:T;
xt = v0.*t;
yt = v0*T-1/2*g.*t;
S = H-1/2.*g*(xt/v0).^2;
vx = v0 zeros(1,length(t));
vy = g.*t;
v = sqrt(vx.^2 vy.^2);
axes(handles.axes1);
plot(xt,S,'linewidth',2);
xlabel('水平位移(m)');
ylabel('高度(m)');
grid on;
hold on;
title('小球运行轨迹图');
axes(handles.axes2);
plot(t,v,'linewidth',2);
xlabel('时间(s)');
ylabel('速度(m/s)');
grid on;
hold on;
title('小球速度随时间变化图');
set(handles.edit3,'string',num2str(T));
set(handles.edit4,'string',num2str(X));
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton2.
function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
set(handles.edit1,'string','');
set(handles.edit2,'string','');
set(handles.edit3,'string','');
set(handles.edit4,'string','');
try
delete(allchild(handles.axes1));
end
try
delete(allchild(handles.axes2));
end
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton3.
function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
closereq;
function edit1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit1 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit1 as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
function edit2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit2 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit2 as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit2_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
function edit3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit3 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit3 as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit3_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
function edit4_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit4 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit4 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit4 as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit4_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit4 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
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作 者 | 郭志龙编 辑 | 郭志龙校 对 | 郭志龙
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