SPSS统计分析（六）频率分析
SPSS Statistical Analysis (6) Frequency Analysis
所谓频率，即是一个变量在各个变量的取值的个案数，分析时不用考虑变量的具体取值，只需要了解变量在总体中出现的次数。
基本统计分析往往是从频率分析开始的。通过频率分析可以快速了解变量取值的状况，把握数据的分布特征。
The so-called frequency is the number of cases in which a variable has the value of each variable. The analysis does not need to consider the specific value of the variable, but only needs to know the number of times the variable appears in the population.
Basic statistical analysis often begins with frequency analysis. Through frequency analysis, you can quickly understand the status of variable values and grasp the distribution characteristics of data.
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一般地，经过频率分析可以得到以下结果：
（1） 频率分布表：表中包含频率，各频率占总样本的百分比、有效百分比。
（2） 统计图：用统计图展示变量的取值状况，频率分析中提供的统计图形可以是条形图
Generally, the following results can be obtained after frequency analysis:
(1) Frequency distribution table: The table contains frequencies, the percentage of each frequency in the total sample, and the effective percentage.
(2) Statistical chart: Use a statistical chart to display the value status of variables. The statistical graphics provided in the frequency analysis can be a bar chart.
如图所示的SPSS数据文件中包含两个变量，其分别是“收入”和“教育”。我们打开选择菜单，按照“分析->描述统计->频率”的步骤进行设置。点击“统计”按钮，出现“频率：统计”对话框，如图所示进行设置。
The SPSS data file shown in the figure contains two variables, which are "income" and "education". We open the selection menu and follow the steps of "Analyze -> Descriptive Statistics -> Frequency" to set it up. Click the "Statistics" button, the "Frequency: Statistics" dialog box will appear, set as shown in the figure.
相同的步骤，分别打开“频率：图表”对话框和“频率：格式”对话框进行一系列的设置。
In the same steps, open the "Frequency: Chart" dialog box and the "Frequency: Format" dialog box to perform a series of settings.
运行结果如下：
The results are as follows:
（1）
表是两个变量的变量值的基本信息：包括有效的个案数、缺失值个数、众数、百分位数。由于在“格式”设置中选择了“比较变量”，所以“教育”和“收入”两个变量的统计结果显示在同一张表中。
The table is the basic information of the variable values of two variables: including the number of valid cases, the number of missing values, the mode, and the percentile. The statistics for the two variables, Education and Income, are displayed in the same table because of Comparison Variables selected in the Format settings.
（2）
表为两个变量的频率分布表，即每一个变量的频率、百分比、有效百分比、累计百分比等结果。
The table is the frequency distribution table of two variables, that is, the frequency, percentage, effective percentage, cumulative percentage and other results of each variable.
（3）
下面的两幅图是两个变量的直方图，从图上看，受访者受教育程度同正态分布相比右偏，受访者家庭收入的分布左偏，都不具有明显的正态分布。
The following two graphs are histograms of the two variables. From the graphs, the educational attainment of the respondents is skewed to the right compared with the normal distribution, and the distribution of household income of the respondents is skewed to the left. normal distribution.
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参考资料：百度百科，《SPSS 23统计分析实用教程》
翻译：谷歌翻译
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