认识一个句子中的各种成分，是英语学习的基础知识，下面我们就来聊聊关于英语句子成分讲解书?接下来我们就一起去了解一下吧!
英语句子成分讲解书
认识一个句子中的各种成分，是英语学习的基础知识。
英语句子中总共有以下成分：
1、主语 2、谓语 3、宾语 4、表语 5、定语 6、状语 7、补语
一、主语：
定义：动作的发起者、执行者，或者是句子陈述的对象。
（一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词或者从句来充当），大多数主语都在句首。如：
代词作主语 We work in a big factory.
名词作主语 The classroom is very big.
数词作主语 Three are enough.
不定式作主语 To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job.
动名词用作主语 Watching a film is pleasure, making one is hard work. ）
从句作主语（主语从句What we need is food .
特殊：
在“There be …”句型中，属于倒装句，主语的位置在中间。There are some bottles of milk in the box.
▲ 在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。如：
It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”.
It took two workers about three months to build the house.
二、谓语：
定语：用来说明主语的动作、行为、状态
（简单谓语、复合谓语）谓语必须是动词或动词短语，放在主语之后。
谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致（即主谓一致）。如：
He knocked at the door heavily.
He knows a little English.
注意：句子的时态和语态完全体现在谓语动词上。
如：
He went to the library just now.
I have finished my homework.
The window was broken last night.
三、宾语：
定义：是动作、行为的对象/承受者（宾语由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或相当于名词的词/短语或从句来充当。有时，会有双宾语。
例：
名词作宾语 He never forgives others for their mistakes.
代词做宾语 He often helps me.
不定式作宾语 He likes to sleep in the open air.
动名词作宾语 The Americans enjoyed living in China.
从句做宾语 I believe that they can finish the work in time.
四、表语
定义：是用来说明主语身份、状态、特征等含义，由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语，或者是句子来充当，它的位置在系动词后面。
形容词作表语 You look younger than before.
名词作表语 My father is a teacher.
副词作表语 Everyone is here.
介词短语作表语 They are at the theatre.
不定式作表语 My job is to teach them English.
动名词作表语 Her job is training the nurses.
从句作表语 That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday.
表语置于系动词后，与系动词一起构成主系表结构。系动词除了be（表状态）外，还有：
表持续：keep, remain, stay, lie, stand
表表象：seem, appear, look
表变化：go, get, turn, grow, become
表感官：taste, smell, look, sound, feel
表终止：prove, turn out
五、定语
定义：相当于形容词的作用，对前面的名词或代词进行修饰和限定范围。
一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、介词短语、非谓语动词、从句等来充当。分为前置定语和后置定语。
形容词作定语 She is an honest girl.
名词作定语 They made some paper flowers.
介词短语作定语 The boys in the room are in Class Three, Grade One.
分词短语作定语 The boy sleeping in the room is my brother.
从句作定语 The tall boy who is standing there is Peter.
六、状语
定义：是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子。一般表示行动发生的时间、地点、目的、方式原因、结果、程度等。
可用作状语的有副词、名词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等。
介词短语作状语：
In the classroom, the boy needs a pen.
在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。（地点状语）
On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom.星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)
副词作状语： I walked quickly.
分词（短语）作状语：
He sits there,asking for a pen.
他坐在那儿要一支笔。（表示伴随状态）
Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.因为不得不完成作业,男孩需要一支笔(原因状语)
Frightened, he sits there soundlessly.
（因为）受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿.(原因状语)
不定式作状语：
The boy needs a pen to do his homework.
男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。（目的状语）
To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business.
为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣.(条件状语)
I am glad to see you. 我很高兴遇见你。(原因状语)
名词作状语：Wait a minute.
从句作状语（九大状语从句）：
时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、地点状语从句、方式状语从句。如：
It was raining when we arrived.
She found her calculator where she lost it.
He worked hard so that he passed the exam.
He walked slowly as if he had hurt his leg.
七、补语：
在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语＋宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语。复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个句子的意思。
补语的主要作用是补充说明宾语的特点、身份、状态等，表示让宾语去完成的动作.
常见的“宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构有：
1.“宾语 名词”。常用于该结构的动词有：
call, name, make, find, choose, think, leave等。
1). We call him Jack.
2). They made Li Lei their monitor.
2.“宾语 形容词”。常见的动词有think, believe, leave, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want等。如：
1). Do you think his idea wrong?
2). We must keep our classroom clean.
3.“宾语 副词”。副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态，与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系。常见的副词有：down, up, here, there, home, in, out, anywhere等。如：
1). Mr. Li drove us home.
2). When got there, we found him out.
4.“宾语 介词短语”。介词短语作宾补常表示其逻辑主语（即宾语）所处的状态，两者有主表的关系。如：
We found everything in good order.
5.“宾语 不定式”。充当宾补的不定式有三种：
a.要求带to的不定式
The cool water of the lake invited us to swim.
b. 不带to 的不定式 let, make, see, hear, watch等使役动词
The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day.
I often hear him read English in his room.
c.单词help 后可加 to 或不加 to
She sometimes helps her mother (to) do housework.
6.“宾语 现在分词”。现在分词作宾补，此时在该句型中的宾语即为现在分词逻辑上的主语，有着主谓关系。
I saw them playing on the playground.
I heard Mary singing in the classroom.
7.“宾语 过去分词”。宾语和宾补之间是被动关系，过去分词表示被动和完成。
I had my bike stolen.
The teacher explained again and again to make himself understood.
8.形式宾语＋形容词
We found it impossible to get there before Saturday.
9.宾语 what 从句
Call me what you like.
Mr. Li has made the factory what it is today.
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