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学习英语必背知识点和口诀

欢迎大家来到语适能:英语思维训练营,今天将跟大家分享一则‘幽门螺杆菌慢性感染被列为明确致癌物’的新闻。

美国将幽门螺旋杆菌列为明确致癌物

Eight substances have been added to the US Report on Carcinogens, a cumulative report mandated by US Congress to list substances that are known or are reasonably anticipated to cause cancer in humans.

In the 15th Report on Carcinogens, the new entries added bring the total list up to 256 substances, according to a Dec 23 news release.

In the new report, chronic infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, or H. pylori, is listed as known to be a human carcinogen.

The flame-retardant chemical antimony trioxide, and six haloacetic acids (HAAs) found as water disinfection byproducts are listed as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.

H. pylori is a spiral bacteria that can enter the body through food, water or utensils, lives in the digestive tract and is behind most stomach ulcers. It is thought to penetrate the mucous lining of the stomach to establish infection and can lead to stomach cancer. It is more commonly found in regions with less established infrastructures surrounding clean water and sewage systems, but spread from one person to another is possible through saliva or other bodily fluids.

H. pylori is estimated to infect 50% of the world’s population. In China, the nationwide average prevalence of H. pylori was estimated to be 59% in the general population during 2001-2014.

八种物质被列入到美国的致癌物报告中,这是一份由美国国会强制要求列出已知或合理预计会导致人类癌症的物质的累积报告。

据12月23日的一份新闻稿称,在第15份《致癌物报告》中,新增的新条目使致癌物清单上的物质总数达到256种。

在这份新报告中,慢性幽门螺杆菌感染被列为已知的人类致癌物。

作为水消毒副产物发现的阻燃化学物质三氧化二锑和六种卤代乙酸(HAAs),被合理地列为人类致癌物质。

幽门螺杆菌是一种螺旋菌,可以通过食物、水或器皿进入人体,生活在消化道,是大多数胃溃疡的罪魁祸首。它被认为可以穿透胃粘膜形成感染,并可能导致胃癌。在清洁水和污水系统周围的基础设施不太完善的地区更常见,但也可能通过唾液或其他体液从一个人传播到另一个人。

幽门螺旋杆菌估计会感染世界上50%的人口。在中国,2001-2014年期间,全国普通人群中幽门螺杆菌的平均患病率估计为59%。

词汇解释:

1. Carcinogens [kɑːˈsɪnədʒənz],(n):致癌物;致癌物质;致癌因素

2. cumulative [ˈkjuːmjələtɪv],(adj):累计的;累积的;(在力量或重要性方面)聚积的,积累的,渐增的

3. mandated [ˈmændeɪtɪd],(adj):委托别国管辖的;托管的;依法的;按法律要求的;获得授权的

4. utensils [ju(ː)ˈtɛnslz],(n):(家庭)用具,器皿;家什

5. saliva [səˈlaɪvə],(n):唾液

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