哈佛大学的一家初创公司设计了一种新型多层固态电动汽车电池，完全充满电仅需3分钟，续航时间是目前电动汽车电池的两倍多。据估计，全球向电动汽车的过渡将减少16%的碳排放，而这种新的电池设计将是实现这一目标的关键。
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电动汽车电池是如何工作的?电动汽车直接从一大组电池中获取动力，而不是像内燃机那样燃烧燃料或汽油。
锂离子电池通过在浸泡在电解质中的两个电极之间产生电位差，从而驱动电极之间的电子来产生动力。
锂离子电池锂离子电池是过去十年来促进电动汽车普及的一项技术进步。
大多数电动汽车电池都是由铅酸制成的，在被车载发电机充电之前，需要短暂的电力爆发来启动汽车的马达。它们通常被称为启动、照明和点火(SLI)电池，因为它们在设计上从来不会放电超过其容量的一小部分。
锂离子电池最初仅限于智能手机和笔记本电脑。但由于其处理更高能量密度的能力和最近的技术进步，现在被用于驱动电动汽车。
锂离子电池的局限性
目前的锂离子电池价格昂贵，重量大，充电速度慢，而且随着时间的推移会退化。此外，这些电池的寿命只有7到8年。
虽然给汽油车加油只需要几分钟，但完全充电的电动车可能需要四到二十四小时，甚至一整天，这取决于电动车电池充电装置的质量。
因此，耐用和快速充电的电池对电动汽车的发展和被广泛接受至关重要。
艾登能源的长效超快速充电电池几十年来，科学家们一直试图利用锂金属固态电池的潜力，因为它们具有高能量密度、高热稳定性和快速充电能力。
据报道，由哈佛工程师Xin Li、William Fitzhugh 和 Luhan Ye领导的初创公司艾登能源设计了一种持久、超快充电电池，可能会给电动汽车行业带来革命性变化。
稳定,快充
Xin Li和他的同事设计了一种固态锂电池，可以在3分钟内充满电。新电池提供了高能量密度和材料稳定性，解决了传统锂离子电池的安全问题。
持久性
目前的锂离子电动汽车电池会随着时间的推移而退化，平均寿命为7到8年。但这种新型固态锂金属电池的使用寿命超过1万次，这意味着它可以使用20年。
创新设计，防止枝晶形成
锂金属电池的化学成分一直是一个重大挑战。在充电过程中，锂离子从阴极向阳极的移动导致枝晶的形成。这些针状结构穿透阳极和阴极之间的屏障，在电解质中生长，导致电动汽车电池短路甚至起火。
为了解决这个问题，Li和他的同事们设计了一种创新的多层电池，在正极和阳极之间夹了几种不同稳定性的材料。这种多层设计通过抑制枝晶生长而不是包含和控制枝晶，防止了枝晶的渗透。
电动汽车电池的未来近年来，汽车行业的主要目标之一是使电动汽车更容易获得，因为很少有电动汽车由于其高成本和充电设备要求而容易被大众所接受。
这家艾登能源初创公司已经从哈佛大学技术发展办公室(OTD)获得了技术许可证，并获得了515万美元的资金。风险投资和许可证将推动固态电池的商业化生产，最终使电动汽车更加普及。
让公众更容易获得电动汽车将加速全球向清洁能源过渡，减少温室气体排放，为更绿色的未来铺平道路。
原文：
Revolutionary New Electric Vehicle Battery Charges in 3 Minutes and Lasts 20 YearsA Harvard startup has designed a novel multi-layered solid-state electric vehicle battery that completely recharges in three minutes and lasts over twice as long as current electric vehicle batteries. Estimates suggest that the global transition toward electric vehicles would reduce carbon emissions by 16%, and this new battery design would be crucial to attaining this objective.
How Do Electric Car Batteries Work?An electric vehicle obtains its power directly from a large pack of batteries instead of burning fuel or gasoline such as an internal combustion engine.
The Lithium-ion battery generates power by creating a potential difference between two electrodes submerged in an electrolyte, which drives the electrons between the electrodes.
Lithium Ion BatteriesLithium-ion batteries are one technological advancement that has contributed to the popularity of electric cars over the past decade.
Most EV batteries were made from lead-acid and required a short burst of electricity to start a vehicle's motor before being recharged by an onboard generator. They were commonly referred to as starting, lighting, and ignition (SLI) batteries because they were never designed to discharge more than a small fraction of their capacity.
Li-ion batteries were initially limited to smartphones and laptops. But due to their capacity to handle a much higher energy density and the recent technological advancement, they are now used to power electric vehicles.
Limitations of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Current lithium-ion batteries are costly, heavy, slow to charge, and degrade over time. Furthermore, these batteries have a limited lifetime of seven to eight years.
While it just takes a few minutes to refuel a gasoline-powered vehicle, a fully-charged electric vehicle can take four to twenty-four hours or even a full day, depending on the quality of the electric vehicle battery charging device.
Therefore, long-lasting and quick-charging batteries are crucial for the growth and widespread adoption of electric vehicles.
Adden Energy's Long-Lasting Ultra-Fast Charging BatteriesFor decades, scientists have tried to harness the potential of lithium-metal solid-state batteries due to their high energy density, high thermal stability, and rapid charging capability.
Adden Energy, a startup led by Harvard engineers Xin Li, William Fitzhugh and Luhan Ye, has reportedly designed a long-lasting, ultra-fast charging battery that might revolutionize the EV industry.
Stable, quick-charging
Li and his colleagues have designed a solid-state lithium battery that can be fully charged in three minutes. The new battery offers a high energy density and material stability that addresses the safety issues of conventional lithium-ion batteries.
Long-lasting
Current lithium-ion EV batteries degrade over time and have an average life span of seven or eight years. But this new solid-state lithium-metal battery has a service life of more than 10,000 cycles, which means it can last up to 20 years.
Innovative design to counter dendrite formation
The chemical composition of lithium-metal batteries has always posed significant challenges. During charging, the movement of Li ions from the cathode to the anode causes the formation of dendrites. These needle-like structures penetrate the barrier separating the anode and cathode and grow in the electrolyte, causing the EV battery to short circuit or even catch fire.
To address this issue, Li and his colleagues designed an innovative multi-layered battery that sandwiched several materials of various stabilities between the cathode and anode. This multilayer design prevented the penetration of dendrites by inhibiting their growth rather than containing and controlling them.
The Future of EV BatteriesOne of the automobile industry's primary goals in recent years has been to make electric vehicles more accessible because very few EVs are readily available to the general public due to their high cost and charging equipment requirements.
The Aden Energy startup has secured a technology license from the Office of Technology Development (OTD) at Harvard University and funding of 5.15 million USD. The venture capital and license will enable the commercial production of solid-state batteries, eventually making electric vehicles more accessible.
Making electric vehicles more accessible to the public would accelerate the global transition toward clean energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, paving the way toward a greener future.
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