来源：文都教育
动词-ing形式包括doing现在分词与动名词。这篇文章主要讲动词的现在分词形式。动词的现在分词形式内容上属于动词概念，但是从使用角度来讲，在句子当中往往充当形容词（作定语或宾语补足语）和副词（做状语）的角色。
1．作宾语补足语：
在感官动词和使役动词作谓语时，并与要加补语进行补充说明，否则句子表达不完整。常见动词有：五看：see, watch, notice, observe, look at；三使：make, let, have；两听：hear, listen to；感觉：feel, 还有find, get, keep, leave, catch等。
Jerry saw Tom falling from the high building. 杰瑞看见汤姆从高楼上掉了下来。
Tom found it interesting to keep Jerry having waited for the whole afternoon. 汤姆觉得让杰瑞等了一下午很有趣。
2．作定语：
当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前（前置定语）；如果是分词短语做定语，放在名词后（后置定语）。
You should be allowed to use 100 words to describe the following chart. 你可以用100个单词描述下面这幅图表。
The person talking to Cindy is Kimi. 跟Cindy聊天的那个人是Kimi。
【知识拓展】现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：the following chart也可用the chart that
followed; the person talking to the Cindy可改为the person who is talking to Cindy。
3．作状语：
1)作时间状语：
(While) Working in the university, Tom was an outstanding teacher. 在大学工作时，他是一名出色的教师。
2)作原因状语：
Being a communist, Leifeng was always helping others. 由于是共产党员，雷锋经常帮助他人。
3)作方式状语，表示伴随：
Tom stayed at home, cleaning, washing and taking care of the children. 汤姆待在家里，又擦又洗还带孩子。
4）作条件状语：
(If) Spending the college years in playing Dota, you will waste your valuable time. 要是大学时代都花时间打Dota了，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
5）作结果状语：
Tom dropped the glasses onto the ground, breaking it into pieces. 汤姆把眼镜掉地上了，结果摔得粉碎。
6）作目的状语：
Tom went fishing the other day. 几天前汤姆去钓鱼了。
7）作让步状语：
Though having rained heavily, it cleared up very soon. 虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。
8）与逻辑主语构成独立主格：
Tom walking on the field, a bird shitted on his head．汤姆在田野里散步时，一只鸟把屎拉在了他头上。
All the railway tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的火车票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。
Time permitting, we'll go shopping. 如果时间允许，我们将逛一会街。
【注意】有时也可用with (without) 名词（代词宾格） 分词形式的复合结构表示伴随的形式。如：
With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。
9）作独立成分：
Judging from (by) his appearance, she must be a spy. 从外表看，她一定是个间谍。
Generally speaking, boys are less careful. 一般说来，男孩子表较粗心。
Having seen a man of virtue, we should try to become his equal.
Having seen a man without virtue, we should examine ourselves not to have the same defects.
见贤思齐焉；见不贤而内自省。
Raising my head, I see the moon so bright;
Withdrawing my eyes, I miss my hometown.
举头望明月；低头思故乡。
