初识SpringMVC
实现步骤：
- 新建一个web项目
- 导入相关jar包
- 编写web.xml，注册DispatcherServlet
- 编写springmvc配置文件
- 接下来就是去创建对应的控制类 , controller
- 最后完善前端视图和controller之间的对应
- 测试运行调试
使用springMVC必须配置的三大件：
处理器映射器、处理器适配器、视图解析器
通常，我们只需要手动配置视图解析器，而处理器映射器和处理器适配器只需要开启注解驱动即可，而省去了大段的xml配置
注解实现SpringMVC
常见注解
@Component 组件@Service 服务@Controller 控制@Respository dao层控制器
package com.kuang.controller;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.ui.Model;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;//@Controller注解的类会自动添加到Spring上下文中@Controller@RequestMapping("/test2")public class ControllerTest2{ //映射访问路径 @RequestMapping("/t2") public String index(Model model){ //Spring MVC会自动实例化一个Model对象用于向视图中传值 model.addAttribute("msg", "ControllerTest2"); //返回视图位置 return "test"; }}
- @Controller是为了让Spring IOC容器初始化时自动扫描到；
- @RequestMapping是为了映射请求路径，这里因为类与方法上都有映射所以访问时应该是/test2/t2；
标准maven依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.reliable</groupId> <artifactId>SpringMVC2</artifactId> <packaging>pom</packaging> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <modules> <module>springmvc-04-controller</module> </modules> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> <version>2.5</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId> <version>2.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/java</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.properties</include> <include>**/*.xml</include> </includes> <filtering>false</filtering> </resource> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.properties</include> <include>**/*.xml</include> </includes> <filtering>false</filtering> </resource> </resources> </build></project>一、配置pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>SpringMVC2</artifactId> <groupId>com.reliable</groupId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>springmvc-04-controller</artifactId> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> <version>2.5</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId> <version>2.2</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/java</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.properties</include> <include>**/*.xml</include> </includes> <filtering>false</filtering> </resource> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.properties</include> <include>**/*.xml</include> </includes> <filtering>false</filtering> </resource> </resources> </build></project>二、配置web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0"> <!--1.注册servlet--> <servlet> <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <!--通过初始化参数指定SpringMVC配置文件的位置，进行关联--> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> <!-- 启动顺序，数字越小，启动越早 --> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <!--所有请求都会被springmvc拦截 --> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping></web-app>三、配置springmvc-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd"> <!-- 自动扫描包，让指定包下的注解生效,由IOC容器统一管理 --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.kuang.controller"/> <!-- 让Spring MVC不处理静态资源：html 等--> <mvc:default-servlet-handler/> <!-- 支持mvc注解驱动 在spring中一般采用@RequestMapping注解来完成映射关系 要想使@RequestMapping注解生效 必须向上下文中注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping 和一个AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter实例 这两个实例分别在类级别和方法级别处理。 而annotation-driven配置帮助我们自动完成上述两个实例的注入。 <mvc:annotation-driven /> 完成了映射和适配（支持用注解完成） --> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <!-- 视图解析器 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver"> <!-- 前缀 --> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" /> <!-- 后缀 --> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </bean></beans>RestFul 风格
概念Restful就是一个资源定位及资源操作的风格。不是标准也不是协议，只是一种风格。基于这个风格设计的软件可以更简洁，更有层次，更易于实现缓存等机制。
功能资源：互联网所有的事物都可以被抽象为资源资源操作：使用POST、DELETE、PUT、GET，使用不同方法对资源进行操作。分别对应 添加、 删除、修改、查询。
RestFulController(@PathVariable)
package com.kuang.controller;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.ui.Model;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;@Controllerpublic class RestFulController { //映射访问路径 @RequestMapping("/commit/{p1}/{p2}") public String index(@PathVariable int p1, @PathVariable int p2, Model model){ int result = p1+p2; //Spring MVC会自动实例化一个Model对象用于向视图中传值 model.addAttribute("msg", "结果："+result); //返回视图位置 return "test"; } //映射访问路径,必须是Get请求 @RequestMapping(value = "/hello",method = {RequestMethod.GET}) public String index2(Model model){ model.addAttribute("msg", "hello!"); return "test"; }}使用method属性指定请求类型
用于约束请求的类型，可以收窄请求范围。指定请求谓词的类型如GET, POST, HEAD, OPTIONS, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, TRACE等。
//映射访问路径,必须是Get请求 @RequestMapping(value = "/hello",method = {RequestMethod.GET}) public String index2(Model model){ model.addAttribute("msg", "hello!"); return "test"; }除了添加method，还可以使用注解
@GetMapping@PostMapping@PutMapping@DeleteMapping@PatchMapping
//映射访问路径,必须是Get请求 @GetMapping(value = "/hello") public String index2(Model model){ model.addAttribute("msg", "hello!"); return "test"; }
