冰糖是砂糖的结晶再制品，
由于其结晶如冰状，
故名冰糖。
“冰糖”的英文是什么呢？
Rock candy
或者sugar candy (英式英语),
也可以说成rock sugar
Rock sugar (or rock candy) is refined, crystalized sugar in small cubes or in irregular lumps. Lightly transparent, its colour can be white or light yellow. Compare to regular sugar, it has a milder taste, that is to say, it's less sweet.
Rock sugar(或rock candy)是精制的结晶糖，小块或不规则块。微透明，颜色可为白色或淡黄色。与普通的糖相比，它的味道更温和，也就是说，它没那么甜。
In Chinese cuisine, rock sugar is commonly used in both savoury and sweet dishes. It s often called for in making braised dishes (i.e. Red cooked pork belly) to give meat a shiny glaze. You will also find rock sugar in Chinese dessert recipes, such as Birds nest with rock sugar (冰糖燕窝) and Pear with rock sugar (冰糖雪梨). In Northern China, a popular street snack called Bingtang Hulu (冰糖葫芦, literal translation: rock sugar bottle gourd) is also made with rock sugar.
在中国菜中，冰糖通常用于开胃菜和甜食。在做炖菜(即红烧五花肉)时，人们通常会用它来给肉上色。你还会在中国找到冰糖甜点食谱,比如冰糖燕窝，和冰糖雪梨。在中国北方,一个受欢迎的街头小吃叫做冰糖葫芦也用到了冰糖。
“红糖”不要翻译成 red sugar
红色在表示颜色的时候，一般是说"血色";
红糖是棕褐色的糖，并不是红颜色的，所以绝不应该是red sugar, 而是brown sugar.
红糖的颜色是怎么来的？
The white sugar as normal sugar is mostly pure sucrose, which forms translucent whitish crystals.
白糖作为最普通的糖大多是纯蔗糖，它会形成半透明的白色晶体。
White sugar doesn't start out white --- it's actually refined from a plant extract (primarily from sugarcane) that is a mixture of sucrose, glucose, fructose, and some minerals including calcium, iron, and magnesium. The unrefined extract is raw sugar, and these minerals give it a brown color.
白糖最初并不是白色的——它实际上是从一种植物提取物(主要来自甘蔗)中提炼出来的。甘蔗是蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖和一些矿物质(包括钙、铁和镁)的混合物。未经提炼的糖是原糖，其中的矿物质使它呈棕色。
Brown sugars are partially-refined sugars which still have some of the other components besides sucrose which give it the signature dark brown color. When it's fully refined, the appearance is white.
红糖是经过部分精制的糖，除了蔗糖外还含有其他成分使它具有标志性的深褐色。当它完全精炼，外观就是白色的了。
红糖不是真的是红色的糖
Red sugarcane doesn't produce red sugar . Red sugar is actually refined sugar with a red pigment added to it... unless you're talking about what the Chinese refer to as red sugar -- which is just their name for brown sugar
红色甘蔗并不能生产出红色的糖。红色的糖（red sugar）实际上是一种添加了红色素的精制糖。红糖是中国人对棕褐色糖的叫法，并不是真的指红色的糖。
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Ref：redhousespice.com/rock-sugar/
chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/19593/difference-between-white-sugar-brown-sugar-and-red-sugar
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