疫苗普及英文怎么说(疫苗英文怎么说)(1)

什么是疫苗?

A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease.

疫苗是一种生物制备,用于提高身体对某种疾病的免疫力。

vaccine ['væksi:n]:疫苗preparation: 制备;特别配制成的药物

immunity [i'mju:nəti] :免疫力

Traditional vaccines contain microbes that have been killed or weakened so that they don't cause disease.

传统疫苗包含了病原菌,这些病菌已被灭活或人工减毒,不具备引发疾病的能力。

microbe ['maikrəub]:细菌

The administration of vaccines is called vaccination.

接种疫苗的过程叫做vaccination [,væksi'neiʃən]。

When an individual is vaccinated against a disease or an infection his or her immune system is prepared to fight the infection.

当一个人接种了某种疾病或传染病的疫苗,其免疫系统就做好了抵抗这种病的准备。

vaccinate ['væksineit]:动词,接种疫苗

immune system:免疫系统

疫苗是怎么工作的?

When a person is inoculated with these preparations, the immune system confronts these harmless versions of the germs. The immune system quickly clears them from the body.

当一个人接种了这种制备,免疫系统就接触到了这些无伤害力的病菌。免疫系统会立刻把它们从体内清除。

inoculated [i'nɔkjuleit]:接种

In turn the body remembers the germs so that later in life when it encounters the real live virulent germs it may be able to fight it off with the retained memory against the particular germ.

然后身体就记住了这些病菌,将来在遇到真正有毒的病原菌时,就会依循其原有的记忆,来抵抗消灭病原菌。

Before vaccines, the only way to become immune to a disease was to actually get it and, with luck, survive it.

在有疫苗之前,人们能够对某种疾病免疫的唯一方法就是真正得一场病,并且如果幸运的话,活下来。

immune to:对……免疫

好了,现在我们归纳一下,英文“疫苗”怎么说?

疫苗普及英文怎么说(疫苗英文怎么说)(2)

vaccine /ˈvæk.siːn/ 疫苗

inject vaccine 接种疫苗

influenza vaccine 流感疫苗

polio vaccine 小儿麻痹疫苗

chickenpox vaccine 水痘疫苗

疫苗普及英文怎么说(疫苗英文怎么说)(3)

inoculation

除了vaccine,inoculation /ɪˌnɒkjuˈleɪʃn/ 和 inoculate /ɪˈnɒkjuleɪt/ 的出现频率也很高。

inoculate用法与vaccinate相似:

Inoculate children against human papillomavirus (HPV).

给儿童接种疫苗,以预防人乳头瘤病毒。

大规模接种可以说mass inoculations,专家指出我国疫苗接种率达到70-80%,或可实现群体免疫(herd immunity)。

不过,inoculation除了指给人体注射疫苗外,用在其他语境中,还可以指将病原体注入到微生物环境里。

疫苗普及英文怎么说(疫苗英文怎么说)(4)

jab

口语当中,还有一个常用的词来表达疫苗接种:jab。

用法很简单,比如:

I had the jab yesterday.

我昨天打疫苗了。

jab作名词有“注射;接种;预防针”的意思,做动词是“戳、刺”的意思,在相关语境下,就可以理解为打了一针,如get jabbed

疫苗普及英文怎么说(疫苗英文怎么说)(5)

(图片来源:新华社)

此外,shot也很常用,意思是an injection of a drug(一次注射,一针)。

比如:

Over half of its population has received at least one shot of vaccine.

超过一半人口至少注射过一次疫苗。

和shot有关的一个常见短语是a shot in the arm(强心针),也就是something that makes you more confident or more successful(让你更加自信,鼓舞你获得成功的事情)。

除了以上词汇外,这些关于疫苗的表达也可以学学:

an efficacy /ˈefɪkəsi/ of 40%

40%的有效率

be 80% effective

80%的有效率

syringe /sɪˈrɪndʒ/

注射器

stimulate immunity

激发免疫力

confer immunity on sb

赋予某人免疫力

spark an immune response

激发免疫反应

anti-vaxxer

反对疫苗接种的人

对于当前的世界而言,大规模的疫苗接种就是一剂强心针,让我们看到了回归正常生活的曙光。要始终相信,every cloud has a silver lining(每一片乌云都镶着银边)。

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