动词不定式的用法总结主动式(词不定式与动词-ing形式用法小结)(1)

刘亦菲

不定式和动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语,在使用时分别有下面几点需要注意:

(一) 动词不定式

1.feel, hear, listen to 等感观动词和 have, let , make等使役动词后的补足语,在主动语态中,不定式不带to;在被动语态中,则必须带to。如:

I often hear him sing the song. / He is often heard to sing the song.

2. 不定式短语位于介词but, except, besides后时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词do 的各种形式,那么,这些介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to。如:

She could do nothing but cry. / It has no choice but to lie down and sleep.

3. 不定式修饰的名词或代词与不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时,不定式往往用主动形式。如:

Have you got a key to unlock the door? (A key unlocks the door.)

4. 不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系,又和该句的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时,不定式常用主动形式。如:

I have got a letter to write.( I write a letter.)

5.如果不定式作表语形容词的状语,且和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时,不定式多用主动形式。如:

The book is difficult to understand.( to understand the book)

(二) 动词 -ing形式

1. 不定式和动词 -ing形式都可以做主语,动词 -ing形式做主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为;不定式做主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。如:

Playing with fire is dangerous.(泛指玩火) / To play with fire will be dangerous.(指一具体动作)

2. admit, appreciate, avoid, consider等动词后一般用动词 -ing形式做宾语。

3. 在allow, advise, forbid, permit等动词后直接跟动词作宾语时,要用动名词形式;如果其后有名词或代词做宾语,然后再跟动词作宾语补足语时,其宾语补足语用带to的不定式。如:

We don't allow smoking here. / We don't allow students to smoke.

动词不定式的用法总结主动式(词不定式与动词-ing形式用法小结)(2)

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