英语动词形式
每个动词有多达五种形式:动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。
动词原形
动词的词根就是这个词的原形。根没有共轭，不包括前缀或后缀。
某个动词的词根与去掉“to”的不定式相同。请看下面的例子:
to see – see
to be – be
to wear – wear
to go – go
一个动词的词根形式被用来创造这个动词的其他形式。规则动词总是如此，但不规则动词可能就不适用了，这取决于时态。下面的例子说明了这个概念。
I am going to school.
(原形: go)
What did you do yesterday?
(原形: do)
The girl showed her mother the picture she drew in school.
(原形: show)
He had eaten three hamburgers.
(原形: eat)
动词的第三人称单数形式
第三人称单数(he/she/it/one)的变化形式与其他变化形式不同。对于规则动词，这种动词形式以s结尾(有时也以es结尾)。想想下面的例子：
He often sees the sun rising up in the morning.
She watches TV in the evening.
It shrinks when the temperature drops.
动词的现在分词形式
现在分词的动词形式是通过在词根加上-ing来形成的。它用于动词的过去时、现在时和将来进行时。看看下面的例子:
We’re coming to the party tonight.
(come – coming)
They have been drawing for hours.
(draw – drawing)
We will be washing the car before vacation.
(wash – washing)
动词的过去式和过去分词
规则动词的过去式和过去分词形式是词根 ed，只用于过去时态。考虑下面的例子:
We shopped for hours on Saturday afternoon.
(shop – shopped)
The books were stacked on the shelf.
(stack – stacked)
He had played computer games for the whole weekend.
(play – played)
有些不规则动词的过去分词很难确定。如果你对过去分词没有把握，最好查一下字典。下面是一些不规则动词的例子:
|
原形 |
过去式 |
过去分词 |
|
Sing |
Sang |
Sung |
|
See |
Saw |
Seen |
|
Fall |
Fell |
Fallen |
|
Give |
Gave |
Given |
|
Go |
Went |
Gone |
|
begin |
began |
began |
|
take |
took |
taken |
I had forgiven him for his unkind words.
Simon had lit candles all around the room.
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