Book4unit4
【高频单词】
1．represent (vt.) 代表；象征→representative (adj.) 有代表性的 (n.) 代表；典型
2．adult (n.) 成人；成年人 (adj.) 成人的；成熟的
3．function (n.) 作用；功能；职能 (vi.) 起作用；运转
4．ease (n.) 安逸；舒适 (vt.) 减轻(痛苦、忧虑)
5．false (adj.) 错误的；假的
6．rank (n.) 等级；军衔
7．dash (vi.) 猛冲；突进
8．approach (vt.&vi.) 接近；靠近；走近 (n.) 接近；方法；途径
9．association (n.) 社团；联系；联想→associate (vt.) 把……联系起来
10．curious (adj.) 好奇的→curiously (adv.) 好奇的→curiosity (n.) 好奇；好奇心
11．defend (vt.) 保护；保卫→defence (n.) 防御；保卫→defensive(adj.)防御性的
12．major (adj.) 主要的→majority (n.) 大多数；大部分
13．misunderstand (vt.) 误解；误会→misunderstanding (n.) 误解；误会→misunderstood (过去式/过去分词)
14．spoken (adj.) 口语的→unspoken (反义词) (adj.)未说出口的；非口语的
15．truly (adv.) 真实地；真诚地；真正地→true (adj.) 真实的→truth (n.) 事实；真理
16．statement (n.) 陈述；说明→state (vt.) 声明；陈述→state (n.) 状态；州；国家
17．simply (adv.) 简单的；只→simple (adj.) 简单的；朴素的→simplify (vt.) 简化
18．anger (n.) 怒气；怒火→angry (adj.) 生气的→angrily (adv.) 愤怒地；生气地
19．greet(vi.&vt.) 迎接；问候→greeting (n.) 迎接；问候；招呼
20．subjective (adj.) 主观的→subject (n.) 学科；主观事物→objective (反义词) (adj.) 客观的
21．facial (adj.) 面部的→face (n.) 脸；面部
【重点短语】
1．defend..._against 防御；保卫……以免受……
2．be_likely_to 很可能……；有希望……
3．in_general 总的来说；通常
4．at_ease 舒适；快活；自由自在
5．lose_face 丢脸
6．turn_one's_back_to 背对
7．in_defence 防御；保卫
8．on_the_contrary 相反
9．be_nervous_about 对……感到紧张
10．in_most_cases 在大多数情况下
【联想】"be＋adj.＋about"短语小结
①be crazy about 对……疯狂②be nervous about 对……紧张
③be curious about 对……好奇④be anxious about 为……担心/焦虑
⑤be cautious about 对……谨慎⑥be particular about 对……挑剔
【热点句型】
1．特殊疑问词＋插入语＋疑问句剩余部分？
What Do_you_think (你认为) is the purpose of language?
2．动词不定式作后置定语
The_first_person_to_arrive (第一个到达的人) was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.
3．not all...表示部分否定
Not_all_cultures_greet_each_other_the_same_way (各种文化背景下的人互致问候的方式不尽相同), nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.
4.(sb./sth.) be likely to do sth.(某人或某物)可能做某事
However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are_more_likely_to_touch (很可能接触) them.
5．现在分词作伴随状语
After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking_around_curiously.
在等了半小时之后，我看到几个年轻人走进了等候区，好奇地向四周张望。
高频考点一 单词
例1、represent vt.代表；象征；表现；描写；描绘；声称
Yesterday, another student and I，representing our university's student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year's international students.(P26)
昨天，我和另一个学生代表我们大学的学生会，到首都国际机场迎接今年的国际学生。
【归纳拓展】
eq \a\vs4\al(represent sb. as/to be... 宣称某人为……,represent sth. to sb. 向某人说明某事；向某人传达某事,represent oneself as/to be... 自称是……,representative adj. 典型的；有代表性的 n.代表)
例2、curious adj.好奇的
Julie was curious to find out more, so after talking with her parents that evening, she booked a flight to South America.
朱莉想了解更多，所以那晚与父母交谈之后订了去南美的航班。
【归纳拓展】
(1)be curious about 对……感到好奇
Be curious to_do sth. 渴望做某事
(2)curiosity n. 好奇心
out_of curiosity 出于好奇
meet/satisfy one's curiosity 满足某人的好奇心
with curiosity＝curiously 好奇的
例3.approach vt.& vi.接近；靠近；走近 n．接近；方法；途径
Tony approached Julia，touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek！
托尼走近朱莉娅，摸了摸她的肩，并亲了一下她的脸颊！
【归纳拓展】
(1)at the approach of 在……快要来临的时候
an approach to (doing) sth. 做某事的方法
(2)approach sth./sb. 接近，靠近某物/某人
with...approaching 随着……的临近
【名师点睛】
(1)approach表示"接近；靠近"时，为不可数名词；表示"处理、对待……的方法、途径"时，为可数名词，其后常与to搭配。
(2)表示"(做)事情的方法"的搭配有：
the approach to (doing) sth.
the way to do/of (doing) sth.
the means of (doing) sth.
the method of (doing) sth.
(3)注意以下不同的介词搭配：with this method/in this way/by this means。
例4、defend vt.保护；保卫 defence n．防御；保卫
She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence.(P26)
她后退了几步，看上去有些吃惊，并举起了手，好像是在自卫。
【归纳拓展】
(1)defend sb./sth. from/against sb./sth. 保护某人/某物免受某人/某物的伤害
defend oneself against sth. 为自己辩护
(2)in defence(of...) 为了保卫(……)
in sb.'s/sth.'s defence 为某人/某物辩护；在某人/某物的保护下
例5．rank n. 等级；军衔 vi. 排名；名列 vt. 评价
It is not usually good to stand too close to someone of a higher rank.
站得离一个地位比较高的人太近通常不太好。
【归纳拓展】
people of all ranks 各阶层的人
a painter of the first/top rank 一流的画家
He ranks high. 他的排名很高。
rank the students 为学生划分等级
rank sb. as... 将某人评定为……
单句语法填空
①We all rank him as a firstclass painter.
②Word came that Chinese sports delegation (代表团) had won 70 medals in the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio, Brazil, ranking (rank) the 3rd of the medal list.
例6．major adj. 主要的；重要的 n. 专业 vi. 主修
I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding.
我觉得很可能有大误会。
【归纳拓展】
(1)major in 主修
(2)in the/ a majority 占大多数
a/the majority of 大多数……
单句语法填空
①He had a bitter quarrel with his parents about what he would major in at Stanford.
②Generally speaking, if you look at the audience at a classical concert, the majority (major) of them are over the age of fifty.
高频考点二 短语
例1、be likely to 很可能……；有希望……
However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them.(P26)
不过，来自像西班牙、意大利或南美等国家的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且很可能(用身体)接触对方。
【归纳拓展】
(1)sb./sth. be likely to_do sth. 某人/某物可能做某事
It is likely that... 做……是可能的。(主语从句)
易混辨析
例2、in general 总的来说；通常
In general，though，studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today's world of cultural crossroads！
但总的来说，在当今文化交融的世界，学习不同国家的习俗肯定能够帮助我们避免交往中的困难！
【归纳拓展】
(1)general knowledge 常识
as a general rule 一般而言；通常
(2)generally adv. 一般地；通常地
generally speaking 通常来说；总的来说(在句中作插入语)
(3)on the whole 总的来说＝in a word＝in short＝in brief＝all in all＝in general
例3、lose face 丢脸；失面子
There are unhappy smiles, such as when someone"loses face" and smiles to hide it.(P30)还有不愉快的微笑，比如说当某人"丢脸"时，他们用微笑来掩盖。
【归纳拓展】
(1)save one's face 挽回面子
make a face 做个鬼脸
(2)be faced with 面对
(3)face_to_face 面对面
in (the) face of 面对(问题、困难、危险等)
例4、at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在
The most universal facial expression is, of course, the smile—its function is to show happiness and put people at ease.
微笑当然是最通用的面部表情，它的作用是表达快乐和安人心境。
【归纳拓展】
(1)with ease轻易地；毫不费力地
feel/look at ease感到/看上去心情放松
put sb. at ease使某人放松
take one's ease休息；轻松一下
(2)ease sb. of sth.减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等)
例5．turn one's back to背对
In most places around the world, frowning and turning one's back to someone shows anger.
在世界的大部分地方，皱眉头或背对着某人表示生气。
【归纳拓展】
on one's back仰卧着；卧病在床
turn one's back on sb.拒绝帮助别人；对……不理睬；背弃
turn in上交
turn out证明是；结果是
turn up出现；调大(音量等)
turn down拒绝；调小(音量等)
turn to转向；求助
例6．in most cases 在大多数情况下
In most cases, he would be in time for everything.
在大多数情况下，他做什么都很及时。
【归纳拓展】
in any case无论如何；总之
in case万一；如果；以防
in case of万一；以防
in that/this case如果那/这样
in no case在任何情况下都不(置于句首时句子的主谓要采用部分倒装结构)
(1)单句语法填空
I can think of many cases where students know a lot of English words but can't write a good essay.
(2)完成句子
①It was considerate of Michael to inform us of his delay in_case we got worried.
Michael很体贴，他通知了我们他耽搁了以免我们感到担心。
②It may rain; you'd better take an umbrella in_case.
可能会下雨，你最好带把伞，以防万一。
③In_no_case should you give up.
你决不应该放弃。
高频考点三 句型
例1.The first person to_arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼·加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱丽娅·史密斯。
【归纳拓展】to arrive是不定式作后置定语。
(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级，next, only, last等限定时，常用不定式作后置定语。
(2)动词不定式作定语常用来修饰抽象名词，常见的有：ability, chance, ambition, offer, anxiety, answer, attempt, way等。
(3)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具，不定式后面须加相应的介词。
例2．Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.
各种文化背景下人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距离的程度也并不一样。
nor置于句首时，其后的句子要用倒装语序，常将助动词、情态动词或连系动词提到主语之前，表示"前者不……；后者也不……"，此时的nor也可用neither代替
【归纳拓展】
(1)如果表示"前者……；后者也……"，则须用so放在句首的倒装，即"so＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语"。
(2)如果前句有两个分句，或者既有肯定又有否定，要用so it is with...或It's the same with...句型。
(3)如果表示对前面的内容的进一步肯定，则要用"so＋主语＋be/助动词/情态动词"意为"……的确是这样"。
(4)"主语＋do/did/does＋so"表示"某人这样做了"，本结构中的助动词不能改为be或情态动词。
单句语法填空
①Mary never does any reading in the evening, nor does Jane.
②He isn't a doctor，and nor/neither is his brother.
③If Dick can finish the work on time, so can I.
④Mike is from Canada and he speaks Chinese very well, so it is with Ann.
例3．I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.
我看见几个年轻人进入等候区，好奇地张望。
1本句包含的句型是：see sb. do sth，使用这样结构的动词有：feel， have， hear， make， notice， observe， see， watch 等。还有两个词组：listen to 和 look at
2looking around curiously 是动词的ing形式作伴随状语；动词ing 形式作状语，当句子的谓语动词和动词ing形式所表示的动作在时间上几乎同时发生时，用doing 作状语；若动词ing形式动作发生在句子谓语动词所表示的动作之前，用其完成式having done 作状语；动词ing 形式的否定形式为：not doing 或者not having done
单句语法填空
①When I got home yesterday, I saw my father reading (read) newspaper in his study.
②The boy came running (run) into the house.
例4．With so many cultural differences between people, it is great to have some similarities in body language.人们之间有那么多文化方面的不同，但在肢体语言方面有相似之处真是太好了。
此处的"With so many cultural differences between people"为"with＋宾语＋宾补"结构，between people 是介词短语作宾语补足语
She saw a small river with green grass and red flowers on both sides.
她看到一条小河，两岸长满了红花绿草。
The teacher came into the classroom with a dictionary in her hand.
老师手里拿着一本字典进了教室。
单句语法填空
①With many things to_deal (deal) with, I have to stop listening to the light music.
②Tian'an Men Square looks even more beautiful with all lights on
高频考点四 语法
动词ing形式作定语和状语
一、动词的ing形式作定语
1. 表示名词的属性、作用或用途。
There is a swimming pool in our school.
2. 表示所修饰的名词的动作或状态，相当于一个定语从句。
The boy studying in the classroom is our monitor.
(＝The boy who is studying in the classroom is our monitor.)
3. 当分词单独作定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语作定语，则放在该名词后。
I was satisfied with the exciting speech.
They lived in a house facing south.
二、动词的ing形式作状语
动词的ing形式在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随情况等。
Turning around, I saw a car driving up.
Not knowing his telephone number, I couldn't get in touch with him.
Working hard, you'll make great progress.
The snow lasted a week, resulting in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.
He came running back to tell me the news.
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