英语单词的积累是许多人在学习英语过程中最为苦恼的一项，随着学习难度升高，需要积累掌握的单词也会越来越多。那么要想提高学习效率，那就要掌握方法。
下面，小编给大家介绍一下关于英语单词中的三种构词法，再复杂的词也可以变得超简单！大家可以作为学习的参考哦~
一、转化法(conversion)
在英语中，一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。
1. 动词转化为名词
Let me have a try.
让我试试。
They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school.
在学校里只准许他们出售不含酒精的饮料。
2. 名词转化为动词
He shouldered his way through the crowd.
他用肩膀推开人群前进。
The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water.
从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。
3. 形容词转化为动词
We will try our best to better our living conditions.
我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
They tried to perfect the working conditions.
他们努力改善工作条件。
4. 形容词转化为名词
He didn’t know the difference between right and wrong.
他不辨是非。
The old in our village are living a happy life.
我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
5. 形容词转化为副词
How long have you lived there?
你在那儿住多久了?
6. 个别词在一定场合中可转化为名词
Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.
穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的。
Life is full of ups and downs.
人生有得意时也有失意时。
His argument contains too many ifs and buts.
他的辩论中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。
二、合成法(composition)
由两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词，这种构词法叫做合成法，合成的词叫做合成词(compounds)。合成词的写法由习惯决定，可以写在一起，也可以用连词符号连接。
1. 合成名词
名词/代词 名词
newspaper, blood-test, she-wolf
动词 名词
typewriter, pickpocket, daybreak
形容词 名词
greenhouse, highway
副词 名词
overcoat, outside
名词 v.-ing/v.-ing 名词
handwriting, reading-room, freezing-point
动词 副词/ 副词 动词
breakthrough, get-together, outbreak, outcome
名词 介词 名词
sister-in-law, editor-in-chief
2. 合成形容词
名词 形容词/形容词 名词
world-famous, duty-free, large-scale, long-term
副词 形容词
over-anxious, evergreen
名词 过去分词
man-made, sun-burnt
名词 现在分词
peace-loving, English-speaking
形容词 现在分词
good-looking, easy-going
副词 过去分词
well-informed, widespread
副词 现在分词
hardworking, far-reaching
形容词 名词 ed
warm-hearted, absent-minded
数词 名词 ed
three-legged, ten-storied
数词 名词
one-way, five–star
数词 名词 形容词
ten-year-old, 800-meter-long
名词 to 名词
face–to-face, door-to-door
3. 合成动词
名词 动词
baby-sit, sleepwalk
副词 动词
outnumber, underestimate, overwork
形容词 动词
whitewash
4. 合成副词
形容词 名词
meanwhile, anyway
形容词 副词
everywhere, anyhow
副词 副词
however
介词 名词
beforehand, overhead
介词 副词
forever
5. 合成代词
代词宾格 self/selves
herself, themselves
物主代词 self/selves
myself, yourselves
形容词 名词
anything, nothing
6. 合成介词
副词 名词
inside, outside
介词 副词
without, within
副词 介词
into
三、派生法
由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。
1. 前缀
除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，但不改变单词的词性。
(1)表示否定意义的前缀
un- unhappy, unfinished, undress, unfair
dis- disagree, disbelieve
in[il-(在字母l前)，im-(在字母m,b,p前)，ir(在字母r前)]- inaccurate, incorrect, illegal, impolite, imbalance, impossible, irregular
mis- misbehave, mislead, mistake, misunderstand
non- nonstop, nonsmoker, nonfiction
(2)表示其他意义的前缀
en-“使……” enrich, enlarge, encourage
inter-“相互” international, intercontinental
re-“再，又，重” rethink, retell, recycle
tele-“远程的” telescope, telephone, telegraph
auto-“自动的” automatic, automobile
co-“共同” coworker, cooperate, coexist
anti-“反对，抵抗” antiwar, antifreeze, antinuclear
multi-“多” multistory, multicultural, multicolor
bi-“双，二” bicycle, bilingual, bilateral
micro-“极小的，微小的” microwave, microcomputer
over-“太多，过分” overwork, overdo, overestimate
self-“自己，本身” self-centered, self-confident, self-control
under-“在……下面，……下的，不足的” underline, underground, underestimate, underrate
2. 后缀
(1)形容词后缀
-able“可……的，具有……的” acceptable, drinkable, knowledgeable, reasonable
-al“与……有关的” physical, magical, political, musical, natural
-an“属于某地方的人” American, African
-ern“方向” southern, northern, eastern
-ful/ less“(没)有……的” helpful, useful, grateful , homeless, hopeless, priceless
-ish“如……的；有……特征的” foolish, childish, selfish
-ive“有……倾向的” active, attractive, expensive
-en“由……制成的” golden, wooden, woolen
-ous“有(性质)的” famous, dangerous, poisonous
-ly “有……性质的” friendly, yearly, daily
-y“构成形容词” noisy, dusty, cloudy
(2)名词后缀
-er / or“表人或用具” farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container
-ese“某国(人)的” Chinese, Japanese
-ian“某国、某地人；精通……的人” musician, Asian, Russian, technician
-ist“某种主义或职业者” physicist, scientist, communist，socialist
-ess“表女性，雌性” hostess, actress, princess
-ment“行为或其状态” government, movement, achievement
-ness“性质，状态” illness, sadness, carelessness
-tion“动作，过程，结果” invention, organization, translation
-ance/ ence“抽象；行为、性质、状态” importance, appearance, absence, existence
-th“性质、情况” depth, warmth, truth
-ful“(满的)量” handful, spoonful, mouthful
-(a)bility“抽象、性质、状态” possibility, disability, reliability
-al“过程、状态” survival, arrival, approval
-y“性质、情况” modesty, delivery, honesty
-dom“处于……状态；性质” freedom, boredom
-age“状态，行为，身份及其结果” courage, storage, marriage
(3)动词后缀
-fy / ify“使得；变得” simplify, beautify, purify
-en“使成为……；变得” shorten, deepen, sadden
-ize“使成为” apologize, realize, specialize
(4)副词后缀
-ly“方式，程度” freely, truly, angrily
ward(s)“向……” towards, forward, upwards
(5)数词后缀
-teen“十几” fourteen, eighteen, thirteen
-ty“整十位数” forty, fifty, sixty
-th“序数词” twelfth, twentieth
掌握了以上3种单词构词法，单词就不再是一串毫无规律的字母啦，弄清单词的构造，更加高效地背单词吧！希望能给大家在学习过程中带来帮助！
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