宾语从句
宾语：位于及物动词（谓语）或介词后的词或短语。
宾语从句三要素：
1. 引导词（分3组）
2. 语序
3. 时态
一、引导词（也叫连接词）
1. 宾从是陈述句（包括肯定句和否定句），用that引导，that不作成分，无含义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。
She says (that) she won’t take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.
Ø that在以下三种情况不能省略：
(1) 由and连接两个that引导的宾语从句时, 第二个that 不省略.
He told me（that）he would come and that he would come on time.
(2) 当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。
The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.
(3) 用it做形式宾语的宾语从句
I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.
v 句型为：主语 谓语 it（形式宾语） adj. that引导的宾从（真正宾语）
由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that 不省略.
eg: He told me（ that） he would come and that he would come on time.
2. 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由whether或if引导， 译为“是否”，不能省。
Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag .
Ø 注意whether和if的使用区别：
① 当有or not时就用whether,不用if.
I don’t know whether or not I will stay.
② 介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.
I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.
3. 当宾从是特殊疑问句时，由疑问词（who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how,等）引导，疑问词在从句中要充当句子成分，有含义，不可省略。
Do you know what he said just now ?
I don’t remember when/where we arrived .
I asked him where/how/why I could get so much money .
(根据自己的需要去选择不同的疑问词)
二、语序
宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：先主后谓
（主句＋连接词 主语 谓语 其他成分）
三、时态
1. 如果主句是现在的时态 ，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）
I know he lives here .
I know he lived here ten years ago .
I have heard that he will come tomorrow .
2. 如果主句是过去的时态，那么从句的时态也要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时， 过去完成时）
I knew who lived here.
He was wondering whether his father would come back tomorrow.
Ø 当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时，即使主句是过去的时态，从句也必须用一般现在时。
The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun.
Ø 从句中有具体时间，而且从句动作发生在主句动作前，从句仍用一般过去时。
The teacher told me she was (be) born in 1960.
(born发生在told之前，in 1960是具体时间)
宾语从句的否定转移
若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。
I don’t think you are right. 我认为你是不对的。
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