Schools, Stress and Smartphones
学校、压力和智能手机
http://www.51voa.com/VOA_Special_English/schools-stress-and-smartphones-82230.html
2019-06-14
1）High school biology teacher Kelly Chavis knew smartphones were a problem in her class. But not even the students realized how much of a problem the devices were until Chavis did an in-class experiment.
高中生物老师Kelly Chavis早就知道在自己班里手机是个问题。但是甚至连学生都没意识到手机问题的严重性，直到Kelly Chavis老师当堂做了个实验。
2）For one class period, students used a whiteboard to count every Snapchat, Instagram, text, call or other notification that appeared on their phones. Chavis told students to not respond to these notifications.
在一堂课时间内，学生在一块白板上计数，数清楚自己手机上显示的每一个 Snapchat（阅后即焚照片）、Instagram、电子文档、来电 或其他通知。Kelly Chavis跟学生说：不要回复这些通知。
"阅后即焚"照片分享应用
Snapchat (色拉布 ) 是由斯坦福大学两位学生开发的一款“阅后即焚”照片分享应用。利用该应用程序，用户可以拍照、录制视频、添加文字和图画，并将他们发送到自己在该应用上的好友列表。这些照片及视频被称为“快照”（"Snaps"），而该软件的用户自称为“快照族（snubs）”。 Snapchat该应用最主要的功能便是所有照片都有一个1到10秒的生命期，用户拍了照片发送给 好友后，这些照片会根据用户所预先设定的时间按时自动销毁。而且，如果接收方在此期间试图进行截图的话，用户也将得到通知。
3）Teachers around the country have done similar experiments, usually recording dozens of markings on the whiteboard.
全国的老师已经做了类似的实验，通常能在白板上画下数十个记号。
mark: to write or draw a symbol, line, etc. on sth in order to give information about it 做记号；做标记
4）Chavis, who teaches honors-level classes at Rock Hill Schools in South Carolina, was shocked by the results of her experiment.
看到实验结果，Kelly Chavis老师都惊到了，她教的是美国南卡罗来纳州Rock Hill高中的优等班。
honours , honors: [pl.] (abbr. Hons) (often used as an adjective 常用作形容词) a university course that is of a higher level than a basic course (in the US also used to describe a class in school which is at a higher level than other classes)大学荣誉学位课程；（美国学校的）优等班
5）”One girl, just during the one hour, got close to 150 Snapchat notifications. 150!" she said.她说：“一个女生在短短一小时之内收到了近150个阅后即焚照片通知（Snapchat）。 150个！”
6）Chavis is among a growing number of teachers, parents and health experts who believe that smartphones are now partly to blame for increasing the levels of student anxiety. The use of electronic devices is so widespread that the National Education Association newsletter said it was a "mental health tsunami.”
越来越多的老师、家长、健康专家认为：智能手机多多少少得为学生不断增加的焦虑负责，Kelly Chavis也是这么认为的。电子设备的使用如此之普遍，以至于美国国家教育协会的内部简讯上说：电子设备是一场“精神健康海啸”。
newsletter: 英 [ˈnjuːzletə(r)] 美 [ˈnuːzletər] n. a printed report containing news of the activities of a club or organization that is sent regularly to all its members (某组织的)内部通讯，简讯
tsunami：英 [tsuːˈnɑːmi] 美 [tsuːˈnɑːmi] n. an extremely large wave in the sea caused, for example, by an earthquake 海啸;海震
7）Tests, after-school activities and problems at home can increase stress for students. But research now suggests that smartphones and social media are some of the main reasons for the rising anxiety levels.
考试、放学后的活动、家里的事情都能增加学生的压力；但是现在研究显示：智能手机和社交媒体是学生焦虑上升的主要原因。
8）It is not a coincidence that youth mental health issues have risen with the number of phones. "What a lot of teens told me is that social media and their phones feel mandatory". This use of phones has led to a loss of sleep and face-to-face interactions necessary for their mental well-being.
青少年精神健康问题随着手机数量的上升而上升，这并非巧合。“很多13-19岁的青少年告诉我：社交媒体和自己的手机给人的感觉是强制性的。” 这样使用手机已经导致他们失眠、不再面对面与人交流，而睡眠和人际交往对青少年的精神健康是必须的。
coincidence: 英 [kəʊˈɪnsɪdəns] 美 [koʊˈɪnsɪdəns] the fact of two things happening at the same time by chance, in a surprising way（令人吃惊的）巧合，巧事
mandatory：英 [ˈmændətəri] 美 [ˈmændətɔːri] If an action or procedure is mandatory, people have to do it, because it is a rule or a law. 强制性的; 法定的;义务的
9）Last year, an editorial in the journal Pediatrics proposed that doctors ask young patients about their social media use as part of routine exams. Three researchers wrote that too much social media use might "contribute to the development of mental health disturbance in at-risk teenagers, such as feelings of isolation, depressive symptoms, and anxiety.”
去年，专业杂志《儿科学》上的一篇社论提议：医生把年轻病人的社交媒体使用状况当作例行检查的一部分。三位研究人员写道：社交媒体使用过多可能“对高危青少年发展到精神健康障碍起到一定作用，如感觉到孤独、抑郁症状、焦虑。”
editorial: (BrE also leader, leading article) an important article in a newspaper, that expresses the editor's opinion about an item of news or an issue; in the US also a comment on radio or television that expresses the opinion of the station or network（报刊的）社论；（美国电台或电视台的）评论
Pediatrics: (NAmE)= paediatrics 英 [ˌpiːdiˈætrɪks] 美 [ˌpiːdiˈætrɪks] the branch of medicine concerned with children and their diseases 儿科学
propose：to suggest a plan, an idea, etc. for people to think about and decide on 提议；建议
disturbance: [U, C] a state in which sb's mind or a function of the body is upset and not working normally 障碍；失调；紊乱 eg. emotional disturbance 情绪失常
10）Researchers are still not sure whether phones cause student depression or depression causes phone use. Yet 70 percent of teens see anxiety and depression as major problems among their peers, according to a February Pew Research Center report.
研究人员目前还不确定究竟是手机导致学生抑郁还是抑郁导致手机依赖。但是根据美国独立民调机构皮尤研究中心（Pew Research Center）二月份的报告显示：70%的青少年看到焦虑和抑郁是同龄人最大的精神健康问题。
注：皮尤研究中心（Pew Research Center）是美国的一间独立性民调机构，总部设于华盛顿特区。该中心对那些影响美国乃至世界的问题、态度与潮流提供信息资料。皮尤研究中心受皮尤慈善信托基金资助，是一个无倾向性（non-advocacy）的机构，而皮尤慈善信托基金既资助无倾向性项目，也资助倡议性项目。--- 百度百科
11）Nearly 60 percent of parents said they worry about the influence of social media on their child's physical and mental health.
近60%的家长说：他们担心社交媒体对自家孩子身体和精神健康的影响。
12）Schools are starting to take steps to deal with the problem. Many public schools pay outside companies to watch students' social media activity for signs of distress. Others invite in yoga teachers and comfort dogs to help calm students.
各学校开始采取措施处理这个问题。很多公立学校出钱让外头的公司监察学生们的社交媒体活动来寻找孩子抑郁的迹象。还有学校请来瑜伽老师和治疗犬来帮助学生心情平和。
comfort dogs：A therapy dog is a dog that might be trained to provide affection, comfort and love to people in hospitals, retirement homes, nursing homes. 治疗犬，这种狗狗被训练来给医院、干休所、养老院的人提供所需的感情、安慰和爱。
13）Some schools have organized #unplugged events – days in which people do not use their electronic devices. Belfast Area High School in Maine had one such event in April. Less than 20 percent of students and school employees took part, demonstrating the influence that the technology has on their daily lives.
有些学校组织了 #unplugged活动——在此期间人们不用电子设备。美国缅因州的贝尔法斯特区高中四月份办过一次这样的活动。不到20%的学生和学校员工参加，这能看出：电子设备对他们日常生活的影响是多么巨大。
14）Emily Mogavero is a 17-year-old student in Buffalo, New York. "I definitely feel stress with online profiles, social media, to keep up, maintain my profiles and stuff," she said. "It kind of worries me that I'm on my phone so much." Mogavero said she sometimes puts her phone out of reach or powers it down so she doesn't hear notifications.
Emily Mogavero是美国纽约水牛城的一名17岁的学生，她说：“看到朋友圈、社交媒体资料、要追赶潮流、维护自己的朋友圈等等等等，我的的确确感觉到有压力。我对我的手机如此依赖，都让我很担忧。”Emily Mogavero说：有的时候她会把手机放到自己够不着的地方或关掉手机，这样她就听不到手机通知的声音了。
15）Some parents are not letting their children get smartphones until they grow up. Western New York yoga teacher Erin Schifferli says her 12-year-old daughter, Aeva, won't get a phone until she is 16 years old.
有些家长不让孩子有手机直到孩子成年。纽约西部的瑜伽老师Erin Schifferli说：她12岁的女儿Aeva直到16岁才能拥有自己的手机。
16）Some parents agree to not let their children get phones until they are teenagers, or in the 8th grade.
有些家长同意不让自家孩子有手机直到他们大概是13-19岁或者是8年级的时候才可以。
17）A parent said she had a feeling that the phone "would be difficult for my child to manage....As a grown-up, I find it difficult sometimes to manage."
有个家长说她感觉：手机“不是自家孩子能掌控得了的…… 作为一个成年人，我个人有些时候都感觉自己难以放下手机。”
本材料源自www.51voa.com，经过本人节选、后期翻译而成，若有翻译的不妥当的地方，欢迎指正
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