avowal 英 /əˈvaʊəl/ 美 /əˈvaʊəl/ n. 声明，公开表示；公开宣布
【考法 1 】n.承认: a solemn and often public declaration of the truth or existence of something
【例】With jingoism rampant, the peace candidate felt compelled to make an avowal of his patriotism.在沙文主义肆虐的情况下，爱好和平的候选人被迫承认自己是个爱国主义者。
【近】affirmation, assertion, asseveration, avouchment, claim, declaration, insistence, profession
【反】disavowal否认，否定
ruminate 英 /ˈruːmɪneɪt/ 美 /ˈruːmɪneɪt/ vt. 反刍；沉思；反复思考 vi. 沉思，反刍
【考法 1 】vt.沉思: to go over in the mind repeatedly and often casually or slowly
【例】ruminated the reason past failures 沉思以往失败的原因
【近】cogitate, contemplate, deliberate, meditate, perpend, ponder, weigh
【反】ignore, neglect, overlook 忽视
【派】ruminative adj.沉思的ruminate
dart 英 /dɑːt/ 美 /dɑːrt/ v. 飞奔，猛冲；瞥，急扫（一眼）；（为施药而）用飞镖射（动物）n. 飞镖；飞镖游戏；缝褶；猛冲，突进；（恐惧、愤怒等的）一阵
【考法 1】vi.突然移动: to move suddenly and rapidly
【例】The dog darted across the street 狗飞奔过马路。
【近】flicker, flitter, flutter
【考法 2】n.公开侮辱: an act or expression showing scorn and usually intended to hurt another's feelings
【例】The darts flew fast and furiously when the two former lovers bumped into each other at the party 旧 情人在party上偶遇，立马开始激烈的人身攻击。
【近】affront, barb, offense, sarcasm, slight, slur
monopolize 英 /məˈnɒpəlaɪz/ 美 /məˈnɑːpəlaɪz/ v. （组织，集团）垄断，对……实行专卖；占用（某人大量时间或注意力）；独占，霸占；滔滔不绝地对……说话
【考法 1】vt.垄断，主宰: to have complete control over
【例】They are virtually monopolizing the market. 他们实际上己经垄断了整个市场。To their surprise is was the vice president who monopolized the conversation.令他们惊讶的是，主导整个谈话的居然是副总裁。
【近】control, dominate, govern, reign, rule, sew up
【派】monopoly n.垄断，垄断权monopolize
dismay 英 /dɪsˈmeɪ/ 美 /dɪsˈmeɪ/ n. 担忧，失望，沮丧 v. 使担忧，使失望，使沮丧
【考法 1】v.使失去勇气: to cause to lose courage or resolution
【例】The excessive homework dismayed ourselves 过量的作业让我们失去了信心。
【近】chill, daunt, dishearten, dispirit, frustrate, unnerve
【反】embolden, encourage, hearten, nerve 鼓励，使勇敢
【考法 2】v.使不安，使焦虑: to trouble the mind of; to make uneasy
【例】Parents became increasingly dismayed by their son's GPA父母对他们儿子的平均成绩非常焦虑。
【近】agitate, bother, discomfort, discompose, disquiet, distemper, distress, perturb, unsettle, upset
【反】calm, compose, quiet, soothe, tranquilize 平息抚慰
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