These types allow the user to distinguish between owning and non-owning pointers and between pointers to a single object and pointers to the first element of a sequence.
这些类型使用户可以区分拥有和不拥有的指针，以及指向单个对象的指针和指向序列的第一个元素的指针。
These "views" are never owners.
这里的各种“view”绝不是所有者。
References are never owners (see R.4. Note: References have many opportunities to outlive the objects they refer to (returning a local variable by reference, holding a reference to an element of a vector and doing push_back, binding to std::max(x, y 1), etc. The Lifetime safety profile aims to address those things, but even so owner<T&> does not make sense and is discouraged.
引用永远都不是所有者（请参阅R.4.注意：引用有很多机会使它们引用的对象寿命更长（通过引用返回局部变量，持有对vector元素的引用并进行push_back，绑定到std :: max（x，y 1）等）。生命周期安全规则群组旨在解决这些问题，但是即使如此，owner <T＆>也没有意义，因此不建议使用。
The names are mostly ISO standard-library style (lower case and underscore):
名称主要是ISO标准库样式（小写和下划线）：
- T* // The T* is not an owner, might be null; assumed to be pointing to a single element.T * // T *不是所有者，可以为null；假定指向单个元素。
- T& // The T& is not an owner and can never be a "null reference"; references are always bound to objects.T＆// T＆不是所有者，永远不能是“空引用”；引用始终绑定到对象。
The "raw-pointer" notation (e.g. int*) is assumed to have its most common meaning; that is, a pointer points to an object, but does not own it. Owners should be converted to resource handles (e.g., unique_ptr or vector<T>) or marked owner<T*>.
假定“原始指针”表示法（例如int *）具有最常见的含义；也就是说，指针指向一个对象，但不拥有它。所有者应转换为资源句柄（例如，unique_ptr或vector <T>）或标记为所有者<T *>。
- owner<T*> // a T* that owns the object pointed/referred to; might be nullptr.owner <T *> //一个T *，它拥有指向/引用的对象；可能为nullptr。
owner is used to mark owning pointers in code that cannot be upgraded to use proper resource handles. Reasons for that include:
owner用于在无法升级为使用适当资源句柄的代码中标记所有者指针。原因包括：
- Cost of conversion.转换成本。
- The pointer is used with an ABI.该指针与ABI一起使用。
- The pointer is part of the implementation of a resource handle.指针是资源句柄实现的一部分。
An owner<T> differs from a resource handle for a T by still requiring an explicit delete.
owner <T>与T的资源句柄不同，它仍然需要显式删除。
An owner<T> is assumed to refer to an object on the free store (heap).
假定owner <T>引用自由存储（堆）上的对象。
If something is not supposed to be nullptr, say so:
如果不应该使用nullptr，请这样说：
- not_null<T> // T is usually a pointer type (e.g., not_null<int*> and not_null<owner<Foo*>>) that must not be nullptr. T can be any type for which ==nullptr is meaningful.not_null <T> // T通常是一个指针类型（例如not_null <int *>和not_null <owner <Foo * >>），不能为nullptr。T可以是== nullptr有意义的任何类型。
- span<T> // [p:p n), constructor from {p, q} and {p, n}; T is the pointer typespan <T> // [p：p n），{p，q}和{p，n}的构造函数；T是指针类型
- span_p<T> // {p, predicate} [p:q) where q is the first element for which predicate(*p) is truespan_p <T> // {p，谓词} [p：q）其中q是谓词（* p）为true的第一个元素
A span<T> refers to zero or more mutable Ts unless T is a const type.
除非T是const类型，否则span <T>表示零个或多个可变Ts。
"Pointer arithmetic" is best done within spans. A char* that points to more than one char but is not a C-style string (e.g., a pointer into an input buffer) should be represented by a span.
最好在范围完成“指针算术”。指向多个char但不是C样式字符串的char *（例如，指向输入缓冲区的指针）应以span表示。
- zstring // a char* supposed to be a C-style string; that is, a zero-terminated sequence of char or nullptrzstring //一个char *，应该是C样式的字符串；即char或nullptr的零终止序列
- czstring // a const char* supposed to be a C-style string; that is, a zero-terminated sequence of const char or nullptrczstring //一个const char *，应该是C样式的字符串；也就是说，一个以零结尾的const char或nullptr序列
Logically, those last two aliases are not needed, but we are not always logical, and they make the distinction between a pointer to one char and a pointer to a C-style string explicit. A sequence of characters that is not assumed to be zero-terminated should be a char*, rather than a zstring. French accent optional.
从逻辑上讲，不需要最后两个别名，但是我们并不总是合乎逻辑的，它们使指向一个char的指针和指向C样式字符串的指针之间的区别变得明确。不假定以零结尾的字符序列应该是char *，而不是zstring。法国口音可选。
Use not_null<zstring> for C-style strings that cannot be nullptr. ??? Do we need a name for not_null<zstring>? or is its ugliness a feature?
对于不能为nullptr的C样式字符串，请使用not_null <zstring>。???我们需要一个not_null <zstring>的名称吗？还是它的丑陋功能？
原文链接
https://github.com/isocpp/CppCoreGuidelines/blob/master/CppCoreGuidelines.md#gslview-views
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