介词
介词是一种虚词， 不能单独作句子成分，常用于名词或代词之前，表示词语之间某种语义关系。
由于介词的用法是真的很多，Linda今天主要给大家分享中考试题中关于介词的考察点，下面我们一起复习一下吧！
考点1 时间介词
1.at,in,on【超级重要】
①at表示“时间点”:具体时刻、三餐、及正午、深夜、黎明等某个时间点前用at
A.表示某一时刻 at 5:30p.m.【to表示“差”几分，past表示“过”几分】
B.表示进餐时间 at lunch/breakfast/supper/dinner
C.表示一天中某个时间点，如子夜、破晓、日出、正午等 at midnight午夜 at dawn黎明 at noon正午at sunrise日出
D.表示频率 at times有时
E.表示正在做... at table在吃饭 at the desk 在办公、在写作、在读书
②in表示较长时间:在世纪/年/月/年月/季节/morning/afternoon/evening 前用in
in the nineteenth century, in 2002, in May, in winter, in the morning
扩展:人生时段表示法
in the flower of youth青春期
in the spring of life在年轻时代
in the school days在学生时代
in the prime of life在壮年时代
in one’s old age在....晚年
in one’s life time 在...一生中
③on表示特定的某一天:具体的某一天,节日或某一天的上午/下午/晚上时,前用on
on July 1st, on a quiet morning,on Christmas Day(=at Christmas)
2.by表示“不迟于..在...之前”= not later than
e.g.He must arrive there by noon
3.during & in的辨析【表示一段时间时, 二者可互换使用】
A.表示习惯性的或持续性的动作，或指一项活动，在与visit, stay, meal, storm用during
e.g.The shop was closed during the whole of August.
B.表示一时性的动作或短暂性的动作，强调某事发生的具体时间时一般用in
e.g.He left England in 2006.
4.in & after的辨析
in与将来时态连用时,表示"过多长时间以后"的意思
e.g.He will be back in two months.
after与将来时态连用时,后面只能跟表示时间点的词语,与过去时态连用时,后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。
e.g.He will arrive after four o'clock.
5.long before & before long的含义区分
before long=soon不久以后【before 为介词】
e.g.Don’t worry.Your mother will come back before long.
long before 很久以前【before为连词】
e.g.It wasn’t long before I realized I had come into the wrong way.
6.at the end of, by the end of , in the end辨析
①at the end of表示“在...末（端）/尽头”（ 时间名词/地点名词）
e.g.We’ll have an English test at the end of this month.
e.g.Our school is located at the end of this street.
②by the end of 表示“到...末为止” 【 过去时间点，时态过去完成时； 将来时间点，时态将来（完成）时】
e.g.By the end of this article, it will tell you the weather.
e.g.By the end of last term we had learned five English songs.
③in the end最后=at last
中考链接
考点2 地点和位置介词
1.in/on/to的位置关系【重要】
in:表示在某范围内
e.g.Beijing lies in the north of China.(=in the northernpart of China)
on:表示相邻或接壤
e.g.Korea lies on the east of China.(=on the eastern part of China)
to:表示范围之外,不相邻
e.g.Japan lies to the east of China.
2.at,in,on的范围区分
①at一般指小地方(小村庄/城镇，较狭窄或较小的地方)
e.g.I met her at the bus station
②in一般指大地方(大城市,大的空间)或某个范围之内
③on一般用于街道号，门牌号前【美式英语】
描述地址时:门牌号用at, road/street 前可用in/on【on为美式英语，in为英式英语】
e.g.Alice lives at 103 Wall Street.(在华尔街103号)
3.over,above,on 的辨析
①over:“正上方”表示的是一种垂直概念（反义词under）;“跨越，翻越”;“超过，高于（数量）”
e.g.The lamp hung over the table.
e.g.There is a bridge over the river.
e.g.He climbed over the wall.“跨越，翻越”
e.g.He spent over 50 yuan on the book.
②above“在...上方”“高于”，非垂直，不接触，反义词below“在...下方,非垂直”“低于”
e.g. We flew above the clouds.
注意:表示数量在...之上，above与over都可以
e.g.Children over/above 12 are not allowed in the swimming area.
③on在...上面, 与接触面接触，反义词underneath
e.g.They put some flowers on the teacher's desk.
4.across & through
①across
A.表示动作在某一物体的表面进行“横跨”（类似on）
e.g.The dog ran across the grass.
B.表示在...对面或另一边(across from= opposite )
e.g.The bookstore is just across from the hospital.
②through表示动作是在三维空间进行，内部“穿过”（类似in）
e.g.They walked through the forest.
5.between&among
①between:一般用于两者之间，或者用于三者或三者以上，强调每两者之间的相互关系或差别;表示在...之间,可以指时间，距离，空间，数量等
e.g.The secret must be kept between the two of us.
e.g.She doesn’t eat anything between meals.
e.g.This took place between 9:30 and 10:30a.m.
②among:用于三者或三者以上
e.g.Hangzhou is among the most beautiful cities in China
6.through/all through/all over/ throughout表示“遍及”
e.g.She travelled all through the world/all over the world/throughout the world.
7.in front of & in the front of
in front of表示"在某人或某物的前面",在某个范围以外;“外面的前面”
in the front of表示"在的前部",在某个范围以内。“内部的前面”
中考链接
考点3其他介词
1.原因介词
(die)of 表示疾病、中毒、饿、冻，情绪等内部原因，如die of cancer
(die)from表示因伤或事故等外部原因及不明原因的死亡 如die from a car accident
(die) for 表示某一目的、事业的原因;表示某种内在的，心里上的原因，常同表示喜怒哀乐等名词连用。
e.g.She died for the freedom of her people.
e.g.He said it for fun, but they took him seriously.他是开玩笑说的这话，他们却当真了.
同义句转换:
because of =due to
because（连词）=due to the fact that
2.表示方法、手段、工具类的介词
①by:“凭，靠， 以”（by means of）表示方式或方法
A.by 交通工具（无冠词，单数）= in/on a/an/the 交通工具类的名词
by taxi= in a taxi ; by bike=on a bike；【无遮盖物的交通工具，前用on；有遮盖物的交通工具前用in ,初中阶段我们可以认为空间较大能站能坐的的交通工具前 on,只可坐不可站的交通工具前用in】
e.g.She goes to work by bus=She goes to work on/in a bus.=She takes a bus to work.
B.by 通讯工具(无冠词,单数）=on/in/over/through the 通讯工具类的名词
e.g.I told her the news by phone=I told her the news on/over/through the phone.
C.by doing
e.g.You can practice English by chatting with native speakers.
②with表示具体工具或手段
e.g.He brushed back his hair with his hand.(具体的手段)
③in的用法
A.in pen/pencil/ink表示书写的方式
e.g.Please write your name in pen,not in pencil.(方式)
e.g.Please write your name with a pen.(工具)
B.in 语言，表示表达方法。e.g. Please show your topic in English.
C.in 颜色= in a/an 颜色形容词 衣服类名词,表示穿着...颜色衣服
e.g.Do you know the man in red?
3.besides, beside,except,except for 的辨析
①beside:在...旁边相当于next to
②besides:表示“除了....还有”(＋) ,相当于in addition to
e.g.Besides Jim, there are many other students attending the meeting.【说明Jim包含在内】
③except/but:表示“除去,不包括”(－),强调同类的整体中除去
e.g. They all attended the meeting except Jim.【说明Jim没去】
注意:nothing but=only仅仅
e.g.He’s nothing but a doctor.
④except for 表示“除...以外”,强调不同类的整体中除去;或者对某种情况进行具体细节的修正
e.g.The road was empty except for a few cars.【road&car不同类】
e.g.Your composition is good except for a few grammar mistakes.
注意:but和except不用于句首，可以用except for
e.g.Except for Jim, we all attended the meeting.
【介词短语后续会继续分享，敬请期待！】
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