I
. 可数名词
名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词两部分。其中，可数名词是表示能够计算的人或物的名称，他们通常有单数和复数的形式。
单数通常用a,an或者是one来表示。an用在元音字母的前面。如：a desk, an apple, one boy.
·可数名词的变化规则
1、直接在单词的后面加-s.
photo---photos book---books egg---eggs student---students pen---pens
village---villages cloud---clouds flower---flowers
hand---hands map---maps girl---girls
2、如果单词以s,x,ch,sh结尾，通常要在单词后面加-es.
bus---buses class---classes box---box dress---dresses peach---peaches
watch---watches fish---fishes
3、以辅音字母 y结尾的单数名词要把y变为i，再加-es.如果y的前面是元音字母，则直接加上-s.
family---families story---stories baby---babies day---days toy---toys boy---boys
4、以f,fe结尾的单词，要把f,fe变为v，再加-es.
knife---knives wolf---wolves shelf---shelves
5、以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。 （有生命的加es，无生命的加s）
potato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes hero---heroes
radio---radios photo---photos piano---pianos zoo---zoos
6、一些特殊的不规则名词的复数。
goose---geese foot---feet tooth---teeth woman---women man---men
sheep---sheep fish---fish deer---deer people---people child---children
mouse---mice
7、有些名词是通常以复数形式出现的，如：shoes, pants, boots, glasses等。
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II.不可数名词
1. 一般来说，不可数名词主要是以物质名词与抽象名词为主。它们通常没有复数形式，也不能与a ,an 连用。在表示“一”或“几”的数量概念时，不可数名词必须与相应的量词连用。如果时表示复数的数量关系时，则把量词变化，不可数名词不变。修饰不可数名词的数量词语有：some, any, much, a lot of, a little等。
例如：a box of milk 一盒牛奶 some water 一些水
much food 大量的食物 a little time 一点时间
2. some 与 any 词语辨析
some与any都表示“一些”，但它们的用法不同。some用在肯定句中。而any用在否定句与一般疑问句中。同学们要特别注意的是：some还可以用在客气请求的一般疑问句中。
例子：I have some beautiful stamps.（肯定句）
I don’t have any beautiful stamps.（否定句）
Do you have any beautiful stamps?（一般疑问句）
A: Can I have any some bananas?
B: Sure.（客气请求的一般疑问句）
3. many ,a lot of ,much 词语辨析
many ,a lot of ,much ,这三个词都是表示“许多”。many是用来修饰可数名词, much用来修饰不可数名词，a lot of则用来修饰可数与不可数名词。
例子：Peter has many friends .（可数名词的前面）
Peter has much food for his birthday party. （不可数名词的前面）
Peter has a lot of friends. （可数名词的前面）
Peter has a lot of food for his birthday party. （不可数名词的前面）
·不可数名词的归类
1、表示液体：water, juice, milk, coffee, coke
2、表示自然现象：snow, rain, ice
3、表示食品类：rice, jam, honey, meat, bread, mutton, beef, tofu, eggplant, pork, chicken, fish, food
4、其它类：newspaper, news, homework, housework
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1.给出下列单词的复数形式。
orange class text monkey
piano child shelf bed
baby country family toy
foot Japanese radio photo
army tomato fox woman
knife sheep pen egg
student girl zoo wife
story man boy people
2.选择填空
1）There on the wall .They are very beautiful.
A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos
2）This kind of car made in China.
A. is B .are C .were D .has
3）That’s art book.
A. an B. a C. the D are
4）The boys have got already.
A. two bread B.two breads C.two pieces of bread D.two piece of bread
5）The old man wants .
A.six boxes of apples B.six boxes of apple
C.six box of apples D. six boxs of apples
7）There some in the river.
A. is ,fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are ,fish
8）There two in the box.
A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches
9）We should clean twice a day.
A .our tooth B. our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth
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be动词：
be动词有三兄弟：is，am, are 。I(我)用am, you(你)用are, is跟着he(他) she(她) it(它)，we(我们) you(你们)和they(他们)，复数（两人以上）永远连着are.
解析: I am; You are; He is; She is; It is; We are; You are; They are.
1.否定句只需要在be动词后加 not,即:am not, is not=isn't are not = aren't
2.一般疑问句只需要将be动词提前至句首.即: Is .......? Are ........?
5be动词，情态动词，助动词do/does的用法区别及练习
1. 由连系am，is，are构成的句子：
变一般疑问句时把am，is，are提到句子的前面，句尾用问号即可。
变否定句时直接在am，is，are后面加not即可。
例如： 肯定句:He is a student. 一般疑问句: Is he a student? 否定句: He is not a student.
画线提问: 对he提问: Who is a student?
对 a student 提问: What is he? or What does he do?
2. 由情态动词can, may, should等构成的句子:
变一般疑问句时把can,may,提到句子的前面,句尾用问号即可.
变否定句时直接在can,may,后面加not即可.
例如: 肯定句: She can swim. 一般疑问句: Can she swim? 否定句: She can not swim.
画线提问: 对she提问: Who can swim?
对swim提问: What can she do?
3. 由行为动词构成的句子:
需要加助词do或does. 变一般疑问句时把do/does放在句子前面.
变否定句时把don’t/doesn’t放在动词的前面。要注意观察动词的形式并对号入座。
一般疑问句和否定句的动词三单式都要变回原型。
例如: 肯定句: They play football after school. He plays football after school.
一般疑问句: Do they play football after school? Does he play football after school?
否定句: They don't (do not) play football after school. He doesn’t’ play football after school.
画线提问:
对they/he提问: Who plays football after school? Who plays football after school?
对play football提问: What do they do after school? What does he do after school?
对after school提问: When do they play football? When does he play football?
注意：1.在改疑问句时，遇到主语人称是第一人称I、we的需要将人称换成第二人称you
2.在改疑问句和否定句中，遇到some和and，将其改为any和or.
按要求改写句子：
1.I know the answer.(一般疑问句) ______ ______ __________the answer?
2.We can see some birds.(一般疑问句) ______ ______ see ______ birds?
3.He designs clothes.(一般疑问句) ______ he ________ clothes?
4.There are some flowers on the teachers’ desk.(一般疑问句) ______ ______ ______ flowers on the teachers’ desk?
5.There are some apples on the tree.(否定句) There ______ ______ ______ apples on the tree.
6.I think he is very old.(否定句) I ______ think he ______ very old.
7.Please colour it green.(否定句) ______ ______ colour it green.
8.These doctors are helpful.(变否定句) ______ _______ ______ __________.
9.You may have some hot dogs.(一般疑问句) _______ ______ ______ ______ ________?.
11.This sign means “No smoking”.(就划线部分提问) What ______ this sign _________?
12.She looks young. （改一般疑问句） ________ she _______ young?
13.She is young.（改为一般疑问句） ______ ______ ____________?
14.My pencils are in the pencil-box.(对划线部分提问) ______ ______ your pencils?
15.I get up at six every day.(对划线部分提问) ______ ______ __________ you get up every day?
16.They like to walk home.(改为一般疑问句) ______ they ________ _______ _______ _________?
17. You should add water often.（一般疑问句） _______ ______ _______ water often?
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一般疑问句
一、什么是一般疑问句
1.定义：用Yes或No作答的疑问句叫一般疑问句。
2.特点：1、以be动词、助动词或情态动词开头；
eg: Is your father a teacher?
Does Catherine like animals?
Can Jenny speak French?
2、往往读升调；
3、译成汉语，都可以带上“吗”
eg: 上面三句可分别译为：你父亲是老师吗？ 凯瑟琳喜欢动物吗？
詹妮会说法语吗？
二．陈述句和一般疑问句间的转换
要将陈述句变成一般疑问句，可以遵循下列步骤：
1.看句中有没有be动词（am、is、 are、 was、 were）助动词（do、does、
did、 have、 had）或情态动词（can、must、will、may等），如果有，
将其提到句首，句末打上问号即可。
eg: It was rainy yesterday.
→Was it rainy yesterday?
Tom's father can play the piano.
→Can Tom's father play the piano?
I have finished my homework.
→Have you finished your homework?
2.如果句中没有be动词、助动词或情态动词，则根据谓语动词的形式借助
do的相应形式放在句首。具体方法是：如果谓语动词是原形，则借do；
如果谓语动词是一般现在时第三人称单数形式，则借does；如果谓语动词
是过去式，则借did. 需要注意的是，借does或did后，原句的谓语动词
要变回原形。
eg：They go to school by bike.
→Do they go to school by bike?
Bill gets up at 6:30 every day.
→Does bill gets up at 6:30 every day?
The students saw a film yesterday.
→Did the students see a film yesterday?
陈述句变一般疑问句应注意的事项
陈述句变成一般疑问句除了遵循上述规则以外，还应注意下列几点：
1.如果陈述句中有第一人称，则变问句时最好要变为第二人称。
eg：I usually have lunch at school.
→Do you usually have lunch at school?
My father is playing soccer.
→Is your father playing soccer?
2.如果陈述句中有some, 则变问句时往往要变成any 。
eg： There is some water on the playground.
→Is there any water on the playground?
3.复合句变一般疑问句通常只变主句，从句不变。
eg：I know he comes from Canada.
→Do you know he comes from Canada?
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三.一般疑问句往往采用简短回答
由三部分（三个单词）组成，对这三部分（三个单词）的确定可以概括例下：
1.第一个词：不是Yes就是No。
（有时根据语气的不同，Yes可由Sure, Certainly, Of course等代替.NO可
由sorry 代替.）
2.第二个词：问谁答谁。即答语中的主语须与问句的主语一致（但必须用主
格代词）。
eg：Does she clean her room every day? Yes, she does.
Is Anna′s father a doctor? No，he isn′t.
如果主语是 this that,回答时用 it 代替，如果问句中主语these, those,
回答时用 they′ 代替。
3.第三个词：用什么问，用什么答。即沿用问句中的引导词。
Can Jim play soccer? Yes, he can.
Does Mr Bean speak English? Yes, he does.
需要注意问题：（1）.用 may 引导的问句，肯定回答用may，否定回答
用 can′t 或mustn′t
用 must 引导的问句，肯定回答用 must，否定回
答用needn′t.
eg：May I go to the park now?
Yes, you may. /No, you mustn′t.
Must I wash my clothes now?
Yes, you must. /No, you needn′t.
4．用No开头作否定回答时,结尾要加上 not。因为回答必须是三部分，
所以否定回答必须缩写，而肯定回答不能缩写。
eg:Did Thomas come here yesterday?
Yes, he did./ No ,he didn′t.
Is Lin Lin in Class 3?
Yes, she is. / No, she isn′t.或（No, she′s not）.
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3、英语句型变化总结练习
1. It is a lovely dog.
否定句：___________________________ 一般疑问句：
肯定回答： 否定回答：
2. She is lovely girl.
否定句：___________________________ 一般疑问句：
肯定回答： 否定回答：
3. He is my father.
否定句：___________________________ 一般疑问句：
肯定回答： 否定回答：
4.They are Lily’s cousins.
否定句：___________________________ 一般疑问句：
肯定回答： 否定回答：
5. We are classmates.
否定句：___________________________ 一般疑问句：
肯定回答： 否定回答：
6.I am a doctor.
否定句：___________________________ 一般疑问句：
肯定回答： 否定回答：
7. There is a bird in the tree.
否定句：___________________________ 一般疑问句：
肯定回答： 否定回答：
8.There are some stars in the sky.
否定句：___________________________ 一般疑问句：
肯定回答： 否定回答：
9.They are good friends.
否定句：___________________________ 一般疑问句：
肯定回答： 否定回答：
10.His father goes to work by bus.
否定句：___________________________ 一般疑问句：
肯定回答： 否定回答：
11.I play computer games every night.
否定句：___________________________ 一般疑问句：
肯定回答： 否定回答：
12.I like to read English.
否定句：___________________________ 一般疑问句：
肯定回答： 否定回答：
13.I go to school on foot.
否定句：___________________________ 一般疑问句：
肯定回答： 否定回答：
14.We have a pleasant home.
否定句：___________________________ 一般疑问句：
肯定回答： 否定回答：
15. We like to climb the mountain.
否定句：___________________________ 一般疑问句：
肯定回答： 否定回答：
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16. They go to church on Sunday.
否定句：___________________________ 一般疑问句：
肯定回答： 否定回答：
17. They walk to school every morning.
否定句：___________________________ 一般疑问句：
肯定回答： 否定回答：
18.These cats are crying.
否定句：___________________________ 一般疑问句：
肯定回答： 否定回答：
19.They can swim.
否定句：___________________________ 一般疑问句：
肯定回答： 否定回答：
20.You will be a singer.
否定句：___________________________ 一般疑问句：
肯定回答： 否定回答：
21.He goes to school every day.
否定句：___________________________ 一般疑问句：
肯定回答： 否定回答：
22.He likes English.
否定句：___________________________ 一般疑问句：
肯定回答： 否定回答：
1、用do does be 填空
1> _____ she know all the answers ? Yes , she ____ . No, she _____.
2> _____ the twins often fight ? Yes ,_____ do. No, _____ don’t
3> _____ your dad like listening to music? Yes ,____ does . No, _____ doesn’t.
4>_____ uncle Tom wash his car everyday? Yes , ____ does . No, ____ doesn’t.
5> _____ you have a new teacher? Yes , I ______. No, I ______.
6>_____ she a teacher? Yes, she _____ . No, she _____.
7> ______ you playing ball now? Yes, I ______. No, I ______.
8> ______ the pig like to sleep? Yes, it ______. No, it _____.
9> ______ five birds flying in the sky? Yes, they _____ .No, ____ aren’t.
10> _____ your father smoking in the living room? Yes, ____ is .No, he _____.
1.I know the answer.(一般疑问句) ______ ______ __________the answer?
3.We can see some birds.(一般疑问句) ______ ______ see ______ birds?
3.He designs clothes.(一般疑问句) ______ he ________ clothes?
4.There are some flowers on the teachers’ desk.
(一般疑问句) ______ ______ ______ flowers on the teachers’ desk?
5.There are some apples on the tree.(否定句)
There ______ ______ ______ apples on the tree.
6.I think he is very old.(否定句) I ______ think he ______ very old.
7.Please colour it green.(否定句) ______ ______ colour it green.
8.These doctors are helpful.(变否定句) ______ _______ ______ __________.
9.You may have some hot dogs.(一般疑问句) _______ ______ ______ ______ ________?.
12.She looks young. （改一般疑问句） ________ she _______ young?
13.She is young.（改为一般疑问句） ______ ______ ____________?
16.They like to walk home.(改为一般疑问句) _____ they ________ ______ _____ _________?
17. You should add water often.（一般疑问句） _______ ______ _______ water often?
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There be 句型
1. 定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。 （注意：there be就近原则）
① There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。
② There is a teacher and many students in our classroom. 我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。
③ There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。
3. There be句型与have的区别：
(1) There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含义。
区别如下：There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”；have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”，它表示所有、拥有关系。
①He has two sons. 他有两个儿子。 ②There are two men in the office. 办公室里有两个男人。
(2)当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时，There be 句型与其可互换。
例如： A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一个星期有七天。
变脸一：否定句 There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上not.。
There are some pictures on the wall. →There aren't any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall.
There is a bike behind the tree. → There isn't a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike behind the tree.
变脸二：一般疑问句 There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。
There is some water on Mars. → Is there any water on Mars?
There are some students in the chass →Are there any students in the class?
但要注意：改否定句、一般疑问句时当肯定句中有some时，要将其改为any。
一、选择题。
1.（ ）There _______ a book on the table. A. is B. are
2.（ ） ________ there an apple on your desk? A. are B. is
3. ( )There _______ some students in the classroom. A. are B. Is
4.（ ）There ________ a pencil , a book and two pens on the table. A. is B. are
5.（ ）There _______ two apples, one orange and one banana on the table. A. is B. are
6.（ ）Are there ________ pictures on the wall ? No , there aren’t ________ .
A .any \ any B some \ any C. some \ some
7.（ ）Are there ___ houses near the river? Yes, there are___.
A. some, some B. any, some C. any, any D. some, any
8.（ ）There is _______ book in his hand. A. no B not
二、用“have,has”或者 “there is , there are”填空。
1. I_____a good father and a good mother. 2. ______________many children on the hill.
3.He_________a mirror. 4. _____________a basketball in the playground.
5. She__________some dresses. 6. They___________a nice garden.
7. What do you___________? 8. ______________a reading-room in the building?
9. What does Mike___________? 10. ______________a map of the world on the wall.
11. My father_________a story-book. 12. _______________a story-book on the table.
13. My parents___________some nice pictures. 14. _____________some maps on the wall.
三、用恰当的be动词填空。
1、There a lot of(许多) sweets in the box. 2、There some milk in the glass.
3、There some people under the the big tree. 4、There a picture and a map on the wall.
5、There four cups of coffee on the table.
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动词第三人称变化规则
1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”如：like--likes look--looks
2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，要先将“y”变为“i”，然后在加“es如： fly--flies study--studies
3、以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的，在词尾加“es”，如：watch--watches teach--teaches
4、以“o”结尾的动词，加“es”， 如： go--goes do-does
drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________
look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry _______ come________
watch______ plant_______ fly ________ study_______ brush________teach_______ wash_________ match _______guess______ study______ finish_________ go________
snow______ carry_________drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________
2. 用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1.He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2.We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
3.Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
4.______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
5.What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
6._______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?
7.The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
8.She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.
9.There ________(be) some water in the bottle.
10.Mike _______(like) cooking.
11.They _______(have) the same hobby.
12.My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.
13.You always _______(do) your homework well.
14.I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.
15.She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.
16.Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.
17.The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
18.Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.
19.I ________(write) to you as soon as I _______(get) to London.
20. He doesn’t feel well and ____________(not eat) any food this morning.
21. He ______ not _______(see) me come in, for he ___________(read) something with great interest.
22. I _________(let) you have the book as soon as I _________(finish) it.
23. While we ________(wait) for our teacher, a little boy ________(run) up to us.
24. Don’t make a noise. Grandpa __________(sleep).
25.It’s seven now, Tom’s family__________(watch) TV.
26. It ________(take) me two hours to finish my homework last night.
27. What ______ your mother _______(do) at eight yesterday evening? She _______(wash) clothes.
28. _______ it ______ (rain) when school was over yesterday?
30. There ________ (be) a football match on TV this evening.
31. They said they ________ (visit) the Great Wall the next summer holiday.
32. Who _______ (dance) the best in your class?
33. Will you come if he _____________ (not come)?
34. The teacher told us the earth __________ (move) round the sun.
35. They _______ (have) a party in the garden if it ________ (not rain) tomorrow.
36.I don’t know if Mr.Wang ______ (go) to Shanghai tomorrow.
12
特殊疑问句
一.定义：以疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。
常用的疑问词有：what, what color, what nationality, what day, who
二．构成
① 特殊疑问词 助动词 主语 动词原形 其他？
eg:Where do you do study English?
②特殊疑问词 be动词 主语 其他？
eg:Why is your Mum so angry?
③特殊疑问词 情态动词 主语 动词原形 其他？
eg:What can I do for you?
三．回答特殊疑问句时，不能用yes ／ no，即问什么答什么，尤其是简略回答。
如：-Who is from Canada﹖
-Helen (is)．
- Where's the restaurant﹖
- Near the station．
-Why do you like koalas﹖
-Because they are cute．
2. 特殊疑问词全搜索
一句话： wh-开头外加能与之结伴同行的名词； how及它的形容词兄弟姐妹们，即如：
What（什么），why(为什么)，who(谁)， where(哪里)， which(哪一个)， what class(什么课)， what time(什么时间)， what number(什么号码)； how(怎么样)，how many(多少)， how old(多大)， how much(多少)等。
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