前面我们已经系统学习了英语语法中最常用的八大时态。但是为了应对“高考”,我们很有必要再学习一种时态:现在完成进行时(The Present Perfect Continuous)。
现在完成进行时 表示由过去的某一时间一直持续到现在的动作,动作或者刚刚终止,或者还将继续下去。
现在完成进行时的构成:
主语 have (has) been 现在分词
现在完成进行时的用法:
1. 表示过去发生并持续到现在的动作。
It has been raining for three hours.
雨一直下了三个钟头了。
We have been waiting for you.
我们一直在等你。
That's the letter I have been expecting.
这是我一直在等的信。
What have you been arguing about?
你们一直在争论什么呢?
How long have you been studying here?
你在这里学习多久了?
I've been studying here for five years.
我在这里学习了5年了。(未间断过)
2. 表示现在经常重复的动作
All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine.
这些年来,他们一直为我们杂志写稿。
We've been seeing quite a lot of each other recently.
最近我们经常见面。
3. 用于得出结论: 根据直接或间接的证据而得出结论。
She is very tired. She has been typing letters all day.
她很疲惫,整天都在打信件。
Her eyes are red. She has been crying all night.
她眼睛红了。一晚上都在哭。
现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成进行时:强调动作发生在过去某一时刻,动作刚结束,或还将继续。
现在完成时:表示动作已完成且对现在的影响。
例如:I have been doing my homework. (现在完成进行时)
我一直在做作业。(还在做)
I have finished my homework. (现在完成时)
我已做完作业了。(已完成)
He has been writing a letter. (现在完成进行时)
他一直在写一封信。(还在写)
He has written a letter. (现在完成时)
他已经写了一封信了。(已完成)
注意:在口语中,lie (躺), sit, stay, wait 等动词,用现在完成进行时比用现在完成时更符合英语为母语者的表达习惯。
例如:He has been sitting there studying all evening.
他整个晚上都坐在那儿学习。
I've been waiting for you for two hours.
我等你了两个小时了。
We've been staying in the hotel since we came here.
自从到这儿后,我们一直住在这家旅馆。
She is ill. She has been lying in bed for three week.
她病了。一直卧床三周了。
(下期预告:形容词的比较级和最高级。更多英语学习内容,敬请关注“友胜课堂”)
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