一般现在时英语语法基础知识大全(英语基础知识点)(1)

现在进行时态

一、概念

表示正在发生的事情或动作,常和now,look,listen连用。如:We are listening to music now. 我们现在正在听音乐。Listen! He is playingthe piano. 听!他正在弹钢琴。

二、句子结构

1.be 动词现在分词(即:动词-ing形式),be doing 是一个整体,不能分开。

2.be 随着主语的变化而变化,doing的变化规则根据现在分词的变化规律来定。

三、动词现在分词的构成规律

1.一般情况下,在动词原形后直接加-ing; 如:work→working do→doingplay→playing

2.以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing; 如:dance→dancingcome→coming

3.在重读闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)的动词中,要先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ing;

如:get→getting shop→shoppingrun→running swim→swimming

4.以ie结尾的重读闭音节词,将ie改成y再加ing。如:lie→lying die→dying

四、现在进行时的各种句式变化

1.否定句

方法:直接在be的后面加not。如: They are running. →They are not running.

2.一般疑问句

方法:直接把be放在主语的前面,其余位置不变。如:They are running. →Are they runnin?

3.特殊疑问句

方法:如果就划线部分提问事情或动作时,用What…doing?

如:They are swimming in the sea now. →What are they doing in the seanow?

一般现在时态

一、概念

1.表示经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。如:always, usually,often, sometimes, seldom(很少), never(决不), every day, at 8:30, on Sunday,in the morning等。

如:I always get up at 6:00 in the morning.

2.表示现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。

如:She loves English very much. My sister can play the piano very well.

3.表示客观的事实。 如:The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。

4.格言或警句。 如:Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

二、句子结构

1.如果句子主语的人称是I, we, you, they或复数名词时,动词用动词原形。

如:We often go home by bus.

2.如果句子的主语是第三人称单数,即:he,she, it 或单数名词时,动词要用第三人称的单数形式。

如:He often goes home by bus.

三、动词的第三人称单数构成规则

1.一般情况下在动词的后面直接加“s”;

如:work→works play→plays¬ rain→rains see→sees visit→visits

2.以o, x,s,sh, ch结尾的动词,在后面加“es”;

如:do→does fix→fixes guess→guesses wash→washes teach→teaches

3.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先把“y” 改为 “i”, 再加“es”;

如:fly→flies study→studies carry→carries

4.不规则变化。 如:have→has

四、注意

在一般现在时的句子中,如果前面使用了助动词does, doesn’t, will, won’t, can, can’t, would, wouldn’t, must, mustn’t 等,尽管主语是第三人称单数,后面的动词用动词原形。

如:He doesn’t want to go shopping. He can sing the song.

五、一般现在时的一般疑问句

一般现在时的一般疑问句是把助动词do, 或does 放在句首来引导。

1、如果句子的主语是I, we, you, they或复数名词时,用do来引导,其余句子的位置不变。肯定回答:Yes, I/we/they do. 否定回答:No, I/we/they don’t.

如:They go to school by bus every day.

→Do they go to school by bus every day?

→Yes, they do.(肯定回答) →No, they don’t.(否定回答)

2、如果句子的主语是he, she, it 或单数名词时,用does 来引导,其余句子的位置不变,但是要把原来句子中的动词第三人称单数形式,改为动词原形。肯定回答:Yes, he/she/it does. 否定回答: No, he/she/it doesn’t.

如:He often goes to school by bike. →Does he often go to school by bike?

→Yes, he does. (肯定回答) →No, he doesn’t. (否定回答)

六、一般现在时的否定句

1.如果句子的主语是I, we, you, they或复数名词时,则在主语的后面加don’t。

如: We always go to school on foot. →We don’t always go to school on foot.

2.如果句子的主语是he, she, it或单数名词时,则在主语的后面加doesn’t 。但是要把原来句子中的动词第三人称单数形式,改为动词原形。

如:He often goes to school by bike. →He doesn’t often go to school by bike.

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