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高考英语引导主语从句
高考英语语法重难点问答︱解析︱运用
第一章 简单句
高考英语语法问答004: 如何区分主谓句和主谓宾句？
Q: 如何区分主谓句和主谓宾句？
A: 主要看句中谓语动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，及物动词必须带宾语，形成主谓宾句；不及物动词不能直接带宾语，形成主谓句。
「例句解析」
1. He dressed in a newly-bought skirt.
（解析：dress“穿衣服”是不及物动词，dress “给……穿衣服”是及物动词，根据语境，dress为及物动词，必须带宾语，没带宾语就必须使用被动结构，这是及物动词运用的语法逻辑，故改为：“He was dressed in a newly-bought skirt.”，可以判断这是一个主谓宾句的被动结构。）
2. Driving the quiet road at forty miles an hour, and then an old man suddenly started to cross the road in front of me.
（解析：句中有上个动词，driving和to cross是非谓语动词，谓语动词start为不及物动词，故整个句子是个主谓句，“to cross the road in front of me, 和 Driving the quiet road at forty miles an hour”在句中做状语，c ross是及物动词，后面带宾语the road，没有语法错误，但drive “驾驶，行驶”是不及物动词，后面不能直接带名词the quiet road, 必须加一个介词along, 这样不及物动词就和后面的名词短语建立起了有机的联系。）
3. He picked the shoes up, now covering with dirt.
（解析：句中有两个动词，没有连接词，故只能有一个谓语动词，cover结构是非谓语结构。谓语动词Pick是及物动词，后面带宾语the shoes，故判断这是一个主谓宾句；cover “覆盖”是及物动词，后面没有带宾语，宾语shoes前置做逻辑主语，故判断用被动结构，故改为：“He picked the shoes up, now covered with dirt.”，cover的逻辑主语为the shoes, 主语和动词之间是被动关系，过去分词结构做状语）
「内涵外延」
1. 名词、代词、非谓语动词结构和名词性从句（主语从句）都可以充当主语
1.1 名词做主语
In early January this year, the rate of UFO reports were steady, around three per weeks.
（解析：本句主语the rate of UFO reports核心名词为the rate“UFO报告的比率”，根据主谓一致原则，应改为：In early January this year, the rate of UFO reports was steady, around three per weeks.）
1.2 代词做主语
I went to sell newspapers after the school.
（解析：after the school 应改为after school表示放学后）
1.3 非谓语动词结构做主语
It’s no use complaining without taking action.
（解析：非谓语动词结构complaining without taking action是真正的主语）
1.4 名词性从句做主语
What I liked best were the free high-speed Internet connection in the room.
（解析：What I liked best“我最喜欢的东西”名词性从句作为主语，语法上称为主语从句，一般当做单数主语，故were 应改为was ，What I liked best was the free high-speed Internet connection in the room. ）
It was clearly that things were not going well.
（解析：That things were not going well was clearly. 这里是从句做主语，was为系动词，用形容词做表语，应改为：It was clear that things were not going well.）
2. 名词、代词、非谓语动词结构和名词性从句（宾语从句）都可以充当宾语
2.1 名词做宾语
He chose a T-shirt.
2.2 代词做宾语
He chose it.
2.3 非谓语动词结构做宾语
The commanding officer, Wayne Tyler, decided to making his findings known.
（解析：不看插入语，The commanding officer decided to making his findings known. 这里不定式结构to making his findings known做decided宾语，to不是介词，应改为：The commanding officer , Wayne Tyler, decided to make his findings known.）
2.4 名词性从句做宾语
I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last.
（解析：that with more patience I must make my toys to last做found out的宾语，在语法上称为宾语从句，I must make my toys to last应改为：I must make my toys last. “make sb./sth. do”）
3. 主谓宾句有被动式，因为谓语动词是及物动词，；而主谓句没有被动形式，因为谓语动词是不及物动词。
The discovery of new evidence led to the thief catching.
（解析：lead ‘导致’为不及物动词，没有被动式，推知这是一个主谓句；因为没有连接词，其他动词须采用非谓语结构，catch是及物动词，后面没有直接带宾语，推知须用被动式，故改为："The discovery of new evidence led to the thief being caught."，之所以用现在分词，因为catch和谓语动词led to同时发生）
主谓宾句中，及物动词后面没有直接带宾语，就须用动词的被动式结构，无论是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。
「学以致用」
1. We have been informed of the strict rules _____ for garbage sorting in the near future.
A. adopted B. to adopt
C. to be adopted D. having adopted
（解析：没有连接词，判断为简单句，由have been informed推知这是一个主谓宾句，因为只有及物动词才有被动结构；简单句中其他动词须采用非谓语结构，由后面的时间in the near future推知，非谓语动词adopt”采用”发生在inform之后，面向将来，逻辑主语为the strict rules, 综合考虑动词三要素，即时间，状态，语态，故选C, 非谓语结构做rules的后置定语）
2. With two children _____ middle school in the nearby town now, the parents are working hard.
A. to attend B. attending
C. attended D. having attended
（解析：没有连接词，判断为简单句结构。谓语动词work为不及物动词，推知这是一个主谓句；非谓语动词attend “参加”为及物动词，后面有宾语，推知应该用主动式，attend和谓语动词working同时发生，综合考虑动词三要素，即时间，状态，语态，故选B, 非谓语结构做原因状语）
3. The student _____ in the games on the phone didn’t notice his teacher behind him.
A. absorbing B. be absorbed
C. to absorb D. absorbed
（解析：没有连接词，判断为简单句结构。谓语动词notice为及物动词，推知这是一个主谓宾句，非谓语动词absorb “使……全神贯注”, 含有‘使… ’都是及物动词，后面没带宾语，判断须用被动式，absorb发生在谓语动词notice之前，并且和notice交织在一起，综合考虑动词三要素，即时间，状态，语态，故选D, 非谓语结构做the student的后置定语）
4. The woman, _____ under the tree and _____ in a colorful dress, is the CEO of the company.
A. sitting; wearing B. sitting; dressed
C. seating; dressed D. seated; dressing
（解析：sit‘坐’是不及物动词，只能用主动式sitting；动词seat‘使……就坐’,含有‘使… ’都是及物动词，没直接带宾语，推知用被动式seated; 动词dress ‘给…….穿衣服 ’是及物动词，没直接带宾语，推知用被动式dressed；动词wear是及物动词；第二个空格后面没直接带宾语，判断用被动结构，根据及物动词和不及物动词运用原理，填B）
5. The great hall was crowded with many people, _____ many children _____on their parents’ laps.
A. including; seated B. including; seating
C. included; sat D. included; sitting
（解析：include‘包括’是及物动词，后面带直接宾语many children, 推知这个非谓语结构用主动式including，另一个动词seat为及物动词，后面没直接带宾语，推知用被动式seated, 故选A, 由谓语动词was crowded推知这是一个主谓宾句。）
说明：为了击破核心知识点，英语语法文章采用“一问一答”形式，聚焦核心语法知识的内涵和外延，希望能够帮助读者掌握「英语语法的本质和逻辑体系」。
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