Hi there! It's Asiya. Today I want to take a full section of the IELTS Reading Academic test and solve it together with you.，我来为大家讲解一下关于雅思图表题时间?跟着小编一起来看一看吧!
雅思图表题时间
Hi there! It's Asiya. Today I want to take a full section of the IELTS Reading Academic test and solve it together with you.
大家好！我是阿希亚。今天我想和大家一起来做雅思阅读学术类考试的一个完整部分的试题。
You'll be able to see my strategy that got me 8.5 and hopefully a 9 soon and you'll be able to practice too. The material is coming from the official practice test published on the British Council website.
你们会看到我的答题策略，这让我得了 8.5 分的成绩，希望很快就能得到 9 分，你们也可以一起练习。这些材料来自于英国文化协会网站上公布的官方模拟测试。
The link to the full test is going to be in the description box below. If you want links to more practice materials, download my IELTS study plan too.
完整测试的链接将会放在下方的简介框中。如果你想要更多练习材料的链接，也可以下载我的雅思学习计划。
And now, let's get started! Okay, we have our passage on the left and questions on the right.
现在让我们开始吧！好，左边是我们的文章，而右边是问题。
The very first thing to do is to read the title "The Triune Brain". I don't know the word triune but I know the word brain, that's what inside our head and we know that the whole text is going to be about it.
我们首先要做的是阅读标题，“三重脑”。我不知道“三位一体”这个词，但我知道“大脑”这个词，那是我们脑袋里的东西，我们知道整篇文章都是关于它的。
Okay, now before I start reading the passage I look at the first set of questions. Classify the following as typical of reptilian, limbic or neocortex.
好了，在我开始读这篇文章之前，我先看一下第一组问题。把下面的内容归为典型的爬虫脑（复合区）、边缘系统（古哺乳动物脑）或新皮质（新哺乳动物脑）。
Okay, I know that cortex is part of our brain and we have three options ABC. Now we look at the questions.
好，我知道大脑皮层是我们大脑的一部分，我们有 ABC 三个选项。现在我们来看问题。
So for each of them we need to say whether it's A B or C and we have a number of questions. Most likely these questions are not going to be in the same order as the information is in the text, that means that we need to read all the options before we start reading the text.
所以对于它们中的每一个，我们都需要知道它是 A、B 还是 C，而且我们还有很多问题。这些问题的顺序很可能与文章中信息的顺序不同，这意味着我们在开始阅读文章之前需要阅读所有选项。
And I actually want to read them quite carefully and try to memorize what we're going to look for. Giving up short-term happiness for future gains, and I underline keywords.
实际上我想非常仔细地阅读它们，并尽量记住我们要找的内容。为了未来的利益而放弃短期快乐，我划一下关键字。
Maintaining the bodily functions necessary for life, okay, bodily functions. Experiencing the pain of losing another, okay, the pain of losing.
维持生命所必需的身体机能，好的，身体机能。经历失去他人的痛苦，好的，失去的痛苦。
Forming communities and social groups. Making a decision and carrying it out, okay, decisions.
形成群体和社会团体。做决定，然后执行，好的，决定。
Guarding areas of land, guarding. Developing explanations for things, explanations.
守卫土地区域，守卫。对事物的解释在不断发展，解释。
Looking after one's young, young or babies, children. Responding quickly to sudden movement and noise, responding quickly.
照看自己的幼崽，幼崽或婴儿、孩子。对突然的移动和噪音反应迅速，反应迅速。
Now I'm ready to start reading the passage. I'm gonna read it quite quickly, just trying to find any places where they talk about one of our questions.
现在我准备开始阅读这篇文章。我打算快速阅读，只想找到其中谈到我们某个问题的任何位置。
So I'm not looking for the answer straight away and just looking for places where the answer is going to be. I suggest reading the first sentence of each passage more carefully because that's a topic sentence and should give you the idea of what you can find in this passage.
所以我不是直接寻找答案，而是寻找答案所在的位置。我建议更仔细地阅读每段的第一句话，因为这是主题句，应该会让你知道你能在这段话中找到什么。
The first of our three brains to evolve is what scientists call the reptilian cortex. Our three brains, so they say we have three brains and we see the first option reptilian cortex.
我们三重大脑中第一个进化的是科学家们所说的爬虫脑。我们的三重大脑，所以他们说我们有三个大脑，我们看到第一个选项，爬虫脑皮层。
So that's what this passage is going to be about and we see reptilian cortex is option A. Let's continue reading quickly.
这就是这篇文章要讲的内容，我们看到爬虫脑复合区是选项 A。让我们继续快速阅读。
This brain sustains the elementary activities of animal survival such as respiration, adequate rest and a beating heart. Look here, respiration, adequate rest and the beating heart, does it remind you anything?
这个大脑维持着动物生存的基本活动，如呼吸、充分休息和心脏跳动。看这里，呼吸，充分的休息和跳动的心脏，有没有让你想起什么？
It reminds me this one, maintaining the bodily functions necessary for life, let me just highlight, so we're talking about this sentence. We're not required to consciously "think" about these activities.
它让我想起了这里，维持生命所必需的身体机能，让我标注一下，所以我们在讨论这句话。我们不需要有意识地“思考”这些活动。
Respiration is when we breathe, rest and beating heart, so these are bodily functions necessary for life, right? And the passage was about a reptilian cortex, it means we can put A and now let's continue reading so I remove the highlight, let's continue.
呼吸作用是指我们呼吸，还有休息和跳动的心脏，而这些都是生命必需的身体机能，对吗？这段是关于爬虫脑皮层的，这意味着我们可以标 A，现在让我们继续阅读，我去掉了标注，让我们继续。
The reptilian cortex also houses the "startle center", a mechanism that facilitates swift reactions to unexpected occurrences in our surroundings. The panicked lurch experience when a door slams shut somewhere in the house, or the heightened awareness you feel when a twig cracks in a nearby bush while out on an evening stroll are both examples of the reptilian cortex at work.
爬虫脑皮层也有“惊吓中心”，这种机制有助于对我们周围发生的意外事件作出快速反应。当房子里某个地方的门被关上时，你会感到惊慌失措，或者当你晚上出去散步时，附近灌木丛里的树枝断裂时，你会感到意识增强，这都是爬虫脑皮层在发挥作用的例子。
Does this bit remind you of any question? Please look through questions and try to find it yourself.
这里让你想起什么问题了吗？请浏览问题，并试着自己找出答案。
I can see this one, responding quickly to sudden movement and noise. And we can read swift reactions to unexpected occurrences.
我能看到这条，对突然的移动和噪音反应迅速。我们可以读出对意外事件的快速反应。
Swift reactions or responding quickly, these are the same things, right? And sudden movement is an unexpected occurrence, so we can see that all words are paraphrased, it's very typical for a correct answer.
快速反应或反应迅速，这是一样的意思，对吧？突然的移动属于意外情况，所以我们可以看到所有的词都被改写了，这属于非常典型的正确答案形式。
It means this option is also about the reptilian cortex, option A. When it comes to interaction with others, the reptilian brain offers up only the most basic impulses, aggression, mating and territorial defense.
这意味着这个选项也与爬虫脑皮层有关，选项 A。当涉及到与他人互动时，爬虫脑只提供最基本的冲动、攻击、交配和领土防御。
There is no great difference, in this sense, between a crocodile defending its spot along the river and a turf war between two urban gangs. Okay, that's a nice bit.
从这个意义上说，鳄鱼在河边保护自己的地盘和两个城市帮派之间的地盘争夺之间没有太大的区别。好的，这部分很棒。
Can you recognize any words, any options? I'll give you a few seconds.
你能认出任何单词，任何选项吗？我给你们几秒钟时间。
I spotted this word, territorial defense, and if you look at our options we have this one, guarding areas of land. So areas of land and territorial are synonyms, right?
我发现了这个词，领土防御，如果你看看我们的选择，我们有这个，守卫土地区域。所以土地区域和领土是同义词，对吧？
And defense, guarding, so again every word is paraphrased and so this is also about reptilian cortex, option A. Although the lizard may stake a claim to its habitat, it exerts total indifference towards the well-being of its young.
防御，守卫，所以同样都是每个词被改写了，因此这句也是关于爬虫脑皮层的，选项 A。虽然蜥蜴可能会坚决捍卫自己的栖息地，但它对幼崽的健康安危完全漠不关心。
Any words you can recognize? I've spotted the word young.
你能认出什么词吗？我发现了“幼崽”这个词。
And look here, looking after one's young, is it the correct answer? Let's compare the rest of the sentence.
看这里，照顾自己的幼崽，这是正确的答案吗？让我们比较一下这句话的其余部分。
So here we're looking for looking after or taking care of one's young, let's have a look at the sentence again. You may not know some of the words, it doesn't matter, just try to concentrate on what you're looking for.
所以在这里我们要找的是照顾或照料谁的幼崽，让我们再看一遍这个句子。你可能不认识其中的一些单词，没关系，只需尽量把注意力集中在你要找的东西上。
So lizards, reptilian cortex, yes? And then we can see exerts total indifference towards the well-being of its young, so the crucial word is indifference, so lizards are indifferent towards their young.
蜥蜴，爬虫脑皮层，是吗？然后我们可以看到，蜥蜴对幼崽的健康安危完全漠不关心，所以关键的词是冷漠，因此蜥蜴对幼崽漠不关心。
And we are looking for someone who is looking after its young, so that is not Answer A, that would be an incorrect answer and that is a typical IELTS trap. If you see the exact word match, most likely it's not the correct answer.
而我们要找的是照顾幼崽的人，所以这不是答案 A，这是不正确的答案，这是典型的雅思陷阱。如果你看到完全匹配的单词，很可能它不是正确的答案。
Listen to the anguished squeal of a dolphin separated from its pod or witness the sight of elephants mourning their dead, however, it is clear that a new development is at play. Scientists have identified this as a limbic cortex.
听一听与海豚群分离的海豚发出的痛苦尖叫，或者目睹大象为死去的大象哀悼，然而，很明显有新的进化正在发挥作用。科学家们已经确认这是边缘皮层（古哺乳动物脑）。
Okay, that's option B, right? Let's highlight it, now we're going to talk about the limbic cortex.
好，这是选项 B，对吗？让我们强调一下，现在我们要聊的是边缘皮层。
Let's read a bit further. Unique to mammals, the limbic cortex impels creatures to nurture their offspring by delivering feelings of tenderness and warmth to the parent when children are nearby.
让我们再继续读。哺乳动物的独特之处在于，当其幼崽在身边时，边缘皮层通过向父母传递温柔和温暖的感觉来促使生物养育后代。
Do you think we can find any answer here? Okay, we just talked about looking after one's young.
你认为我们能在这里找到任何答案吗？好，我们刚说了照顾幼崽的事。
And here we can read "unique to mammals, the limbic cortex impulse creatures to nurture their offspring", nurture their offspring means looking after one's young and that's what mammals do limbic cortex, option B. You might have noticed that we're at several sentences before and didn't find any answer there, sometimes it happens in IELTS but most likely we just missed something.
这里我们可以读到“哺乳动物的独特之处在于，边缘皮层刺激生物去养育后代”，养育后代意味着照顾自己的孩子，这就是哺乳动物会做的事，边缘皮层，选项 B。你可能已经注意到，我们在前面几句话里没有找到任何答案，有时在雅思考试中也会出现这种情况，但很可能我们只是错过了一些东西。
So let's look through the remaining options quickly. We're still looking for happiness for future gains, pain of losing, communities, decisions, explanations for things, the first sentence about lizards not caring about their young was a trap.
让我们快速浏览一下剩下的选项。我们还在找内容有，“happiness for future gains、失去的痛苦、群体、决定、对事物的解释”，第一句关于“蜥蜴不在意它们的幼崽”这句话是一个陷阱。
Now we know why it's here and here we read about elephants mourning their dead, right? Mourning their dead.
现在我们知道为什么这句话会在这里，我们还读到大象哀悼死去的大象，对吗？哀悼死去的大象。
And here we're looking for "experiencing the pain of losing another" and the pain of losing means mourning their dead, right? That means that is also about limbic cortex, here we can also answer B, let's continue.
这里我们要找的是“经历失去他人的痛苦”，失去的痛苦意味着哀悼逝者，对吗？这说明这句也是关于边缘皮层的，这里我们也可以回答 B，让我们继续。
These same sensations also cause mammals to develop various types of social relations and kinship networks. Do you think any answers here?
这些同样的感觉也使哺乳动物发展出各种类型的社会关系和亲属关系网络。你觉得这里有答案吗？
I'm going to give you a few seconds. I would say the keywords are social relations.
我给你们几秒钟时间。我认为关键词是社会关系。
And we were looking for "forming communities and social groups". And here we can read that mammals develop various types of social relations and kinship networks, so kinship networks so networks or social groups, yeah, this one looks much like this one, I would say this is B limbic cortex.
我们在找的是“形成群体和社会团体”。在这里我们可以读到，哺乳动物发展出各种各样的社会关系和亲属关系网络，所以亲属关系网络，或社会团体，没错，这句看起来很像这个选项，我会说这选 B，边缘皮层。
When we are with others of "our kind" — be it at soccer practice, church, school or a nightclub — we experience positive sensations of togetherness, solidarity and comfort. If we spend too long away from these networks, then loneliness sets in and encourages us to seek companionship.
当我们和其他“我们的同类”在一起时——无论是在足球训练、教堂、学校还是夜店——我们都会体验到一种积极的归属感、团结感和舒适感。如果我们离开这些关系网络太久，孤独就会悄然而至，并鼓励我们寻求陪伴。
I think it's just an example from the previous sentence and we are not looking for anything else here. Let's continue.
我想这只是上一句话中的一个例子，我们在这里不会寻找什么内容。让我们继续。
So now we need to find just three answers, happiness for future gains, making a decision, and developing explanations for things. Only human capabilities extend far beyond the scope of these two cortexes.
所以现在我们只需要找到三个答案，happiness for future gains、做决定和对事物做解释。只是人类的能力远远超出了这两个大脑皮层的范围。
Okay, probably we're going to read about the last one, the neocortex, we haven't heard about it before yet. Humans eat, sleep and play, but we also speak, plot, rationalize and debate finer points of morality.
好的，我们可能会读到最后一个，新皮质，我们前面没有看过它的内容。人类吃、睡、玩，但我们也会说话、策划、合理化和辩论更细微的道德问题。
Our unique abilities are the result of an expansive third brain — the neocortex (okay, that's a keyword, the neocortex) — which engages with logic, reasons and ideas. Okay, neocortex, that's what we are reading about.
我们独特的能力来自于扩展的第三大脑——新皮质（好，这是一个关键词，新皮质）——它与逻辑、推理和想法有关。好，我们读到的内容是新皮质。
The power of the neocortex comes from its ability to think beyond the present, concrete moment. While other mammals are mainly restricted to impulsive actions (although some, such as apes, can learn and remember simple lessons) , humans can think about the "big picture".
新皮质的能力来自于它超越当前具体时刻的思考能力。当其他哺乳动物主要局限于冲动行为时（尽管有些哺乳动物，如猿类，可以学习和记住简单的教学），人类可以思考“大局”。
We can string together simple lessons (for example, an apple drops downwards from a tree; hurting others causes unhappiness) to develop complex theories of physical or social phenomena (such as the laws of gravity and a concern for human rights) . Do you see anything here? Any of the answers we're looking for?
我们可以把简单的教育都串在一起（例如，苹果从树上掉下来；伤害他人会导致不愉快），从而发展出复杂的物理或社会现象的理论（如万有引力定律和对人权的关注）。你在这里看到了什么吗？有我们想要的答案吗？
I'm going to give you a few seconds again. I can see it here.
我再给你们几秒钟时间。我能在这里看到。
We can then we don't really need all that, develop complex theories of physical or social phenomena. And here, let me underline it, we can see developing explanations for things.
我们可以，然后我们不需要后面所有这些内容，发展出复杂的物理或社会现象理论。在这里，我把它划出来，我们可以看到对事物的解释在不断发展。
So developing complex theories or developing explanations for things, so theories explain things, right? And actually, the word developing and develop are repeated but I still think that the correct answer.
因此，发展复杂的理论或发展对事物的解释，理论解释事物，对吗？事实上，发展这个词是重复出现的，但我仍然认为这是正确的答案。
So we're gonna go with C. And we just need to find two more things, happiness for future gains and making decisions.
所以我们选择 C。我们只需要找到另外两个选项，happiness for future gains 和做决定。
The neocortex is also responsible for the process by which we decide on and commit to particular courses of action. The process by which we decide on and commit to particular causes of action, that is the same as "making a decision and carrying it out".
新皮质也负责我们决定和投入到特定行动方案的过程。我们对行动的特定原因作出决定并作出承诺的过程，这与“做出决定并执行它”是相同的意思。
Making a decision is the same as we decide on, and commit to particular causes of action means carry it out, so that is C. So now we only need to find the last one, giving up short-term happiness for future gains.
做出决定和我们做决定是一样的意思，而对行动的特定原因作出承诺意味着执行它，所以这是 C。所以现在我们只需要找到最后一个，为了未来的利益而放弃短期快乐。
Strung together over time, these choices can accumulate into feats of progress unknown to other animals. Anticipating a better grade on the following morning's exam, a student can ignore the limbic urge to socialize and go to sleep early.
随着时间的推移，这些选择会累积成其他动物所不知道的进步壮举。期待着在第二天早上的考试中获得更好的成绩，学生可以忽略社交的边缘冲动而早早入睡。
Over three years, this ongoing sacrifice translates into a first-class degree and a scholarship to graduate school; over a lifetime, it can mean groundbreaking contributions and so on. So here we read about a student not going to a party to study and I think it's quite close to the option we are looking for "giving up short-term happiness of future gains".
三年之后，这种持续的牺牲就会换来一等学位和读研的奖学金；在一生中，它可能意味着开创性的贡献等等。那么，在这里我们读到一个学生为了学习而不去参加聚会，我认为这与我们要找的“为了未来的利益而放弃短期快乐”的选项相当接近。
But it should be even more concrete, let's read the next one. The ability to sacrifice our drive for immediate satisfaction in order to benefit later is a product of the neocortex.
但它应该更具体，让我们读下一句。为了以后的利益而牺牲眼前的满足感，这种能力是新皮质的产物。
That's it, to sacrifice our drive for immediate satisfaction in order to benefit later, sacrifice drive for immediate satisfaction is the same as giving up short-term happiness, so happiness and satisfaction are quite similar, right? For future gains or in order to benefit later, you see, each part of the question is paraphrased in this sentence and this is neocortex, okay?
就是这里，为了以后的利益而牺牲眼前的满足感，牺牲眼前的满足和放弃短期快乐是一样的意思，所以快乐和满足是很相似的，对吗？为了未来的利益或者为了以后的获益，你看，问题的每一部分在这句话中都被改写成了其他说法，这就是新皮质，对吗？
So that's answer C. Now that we've completed all the set of questions, I would immediately transfer these answers into my answer sheet if you take a paper-based exam.
答案是 C。现在我们已经完成了这组所有的问题，如果你参加的笔试，我会立即把这些答案誊写到我的答题卡上。
Don't leave all your answers until the last moment in case you'll be running out of time. Let me move the passage down to the paragraphs we haven't read yet, these three, and we have the last set of questions.
不要把你所有的答案留到最后一刻再誊写，以防你的时间不够用。让我把这篇文章移到我们还没读过的段落，这三个段落，我们还有最后一组问题。
First of all, we read the task. Complete the sentences below. Use no more than two words from the passage.
首先，我们读一下题目。完成下面的句子。不要使用超过两个单词。
Okay, the keys are two words, that's very important. Everything is a word, an article is a word, a preposition is a word and you must not write more than two.
好，关键是两个词，这很重要。所有东西都是一个词，冠词是一个词，介词是一个词，你不能写两个以上。
Okay, another important tip here is when you write your words in, the sentence should become grammatically correct. So when you think that something is a correct answer, just read the whole sentence again with those words and check if it makes sense and if it's correct.
好，这里另一个重要的提示是，当你写进单词的时候，句子应该语法正确。因此，当你认为某些词是正确的答案时，就用这些单词把整个句子再读一遍，看看是否说得通，是否正确。
If it's not correct then it means you need to find other words. I know that in this type of question, most likely we're going to find our answers in the same order as information is presented in the text.
如果不正确，那就意味着你需要找其他的词。我知道，在这类问题中，我们很可能我们会按照文章中信息呈现的顺序找到答案。
I have a whole video where I analyzed which questions come in order and which don't, I will link it in the description box below. Because they come in order, all we need is to read the first question and then look for the answer, then the next question, and so on.
我有一期完整的视频，其中我分析了哪些问题是按顺序来的，哪些不是，我会在下方的简介框中附上链接。因为它们是按顺序排列的，所以我们只需要阅读第一个问题，然后找答案，然后再做下一个问题，以此类推。
Okay, the first question is "A person with only a functioning reptilian cortex is known as..." "Is known as" tells us that there should be a specific term here.
好，第一个问题是“一个只有爬虫脑皮层功能的人被称为.....”“被称为”告诉我们这里应该有一个特定的术语。
And we are looking for a word or words that would define a person with only a functioning reptilian cortex. So these are our keywords, functioning reptilian cortex.
我们在寻找一个或多个词语来定义一个只有功能性爬虫脑皮层的人。这些就是我们的关键词，爬虫脑皮层功能。
And remember we read that there is a reptilian cortex, so reptilian, limbic and neocortex, so we are looking for a person where these two will not work, only their reptilian cortex, yes? And let's read the paragraph.
记得我们读到过爬虫脑皮层，所以有爬虫脑皮层，边缘皮层和新皮质，所以我们要找的是一个人这两种功能都不起作用，只有他们的爬虫脑皮层，对吗？让我们读一下这段话。
My guess is that this answer, number 23 is gonna be in this paragraph, please pause the video now and try to find it yourself and then resume it and we'll do it together. Okay, are you ready?
我猜这个答案，第 23 题就在这一段，请暂停视频，自己试着找到答案，然后继续播放，我们一起做。好了，准备好了吗？
Let's start reading. Understanding the triune brain can help us appreciate the different natures of brain damage and physiological disorders.
让我们开始阅读。了解三重脑可以帮助我们认识大脑损伤和生理障碍的不同性质。
Think, can we use any two words for a person with only reptilian cortex? No, it doesn't look like that.
想想看，我们能用其中的任何两个词来形容一个只有爬虫脑皮层的人吗？不能，看起来并不像。
Next. The most devastating form of brain damage, for example, is a condition in which someone is understood to be brain dead.
下一句。例如，最具破坏性的脑损伤形式，是被理解为脑死亡的情况。
We're getting closer. In this state, a person appears merely unconscious — sleeping perhaps — but this is illusory.
我们越来越近答案了。在这种状态下，一个人看起来只是无意识——也许是睡着了——但这是幻觉。
Here, the reptilian brain is functioning on autopilot despite the permanent loss of other cortexes. Permanent loss of other cortexes that tells us that a person functions only on the reptilians cortex, yes?
在这里，尽管其他皮层永丧失，但爬虫脑扔在自动运行。其他大脑皮层的永久性丧失说明一个人只依赖于爬虫脑皮层运作，对吗？
And we need to find how this person is called? In this sentence, there is nothing so probably it's some way before.
我们要知道这个人被称为什么？在这句话中，什么都没有，所以可能是前面的某句话。
Again in this sentence is just the description of the person, let's go back. The most devastating form of brain damage, so now we know that they're talking about what we need, is a condition in which someone is understood to be brain-dead.
在这句话中又只是对这个人的描述，让我们往回看。最具破坏性的脑损伤，现在我们知道他们在讲我们需要的内容，是一种被理解为脑死亡的情况。
Okay, these are two crucial words, brain dead. And now let's try to write them here as brain-dead.
好，这是两个关键的词，脑死亡。现在我们试着在这里把它们写成脑死亡。
Let me make it bold so we see that's the answer. And before we move to the next question I usually quickly reread the sentence just to make sure it's correct.
我把它加粗，这样我们能看到这就是答案。在我们进入下一个问题之前，我通常会快速重读一下句子，以确保它就是正确答案。
Pay attention to grammar and to tense, of course. "A person with only a functioning reptilian cortex is known as brain dead."
当然，还要注意语法和时态。“一个只有爬虫脑皮层功能的人被称为脑死亡。”
Sounds good. Let's move on.
听起来很合适。让我们继续。
Question number 24. Something in humans is associated with limbic disruption.
第 24 题。人类的某些东西与大脑边缘的破坏有关。
The keywords are limbic disruption. Limbic, remember we read about the limbic cortex, so that was the one about animals.
关键词是大脑边缘的破坏。边缘皮层，记得我们读过边缘皮层，那是关于动物的部分。
And disruption means that something is wrong, limbic disruption. And now because the word that at the beginning of the sentence, just imagine what kind of words are we looking for so that they would fit in here.
破坏意味着有什么东西出了问题，大脑边缘破坏。现在因为要填写的单词在句子开头，想象一下我们要找什么样的词才能把它们放在这里。
I would say we're looking for a noun, most likely. Something that will go with...in humans, okay.
我想说我们在找一个名词，很有可能是。与人类有关的什么东西，好。
So our answer should be somewhere in the next paragraph. Please again pause the video, find the answer and then resume it.
所以我们的答案应该在下一段的某处。请再次暂停视频，找到答案，然后继续播放。
Disturbances to limbic cortex are registered in a different manner. Disturbances to limbic cortex, and we are looking for limbic disruption, so limbic is the same, disruption and disturbances are synonyms, right?
边缘皮层的干扰会以不同的方式表现出来。对边缘皮层的干扰，我们在寻找边缘干扰，所以边缘是一样的，破坏和干扰是同义词，对吧？
So we're just looking for our words. Pups with limbic damage can move around and feel themselves well but do not register the presence of their littermates.
所以我们只是在找我们要写的词。边缘受损的幼崽可以四处活动，自我感觉良好，但不会注意到它们同窝其他幼崽的存在。
Okay, that's just about pups, that's not our term. Scientists have observed how, after a limbic lobotomy, "one impaired monkey stepped on his outraged peers blah blah blah."
好，那只是关于幼崽的，那不是我们要找的词。科学家们观察到，在边缘脑额叶切除手术后，“一只受损伤的猴子踩到了它愤怒的同伴，等等等等。”
I see some terms here, after a limbic lobotomy. Is it the correct answer?
我在这里看到一些词，在边缘脑额叶切除手术后。这是正确答案吗？
I can tell you why it's not. Well, first of all, because we would need to write three words, right?
我可以告诉你为什么不是。首先，因为我们需要写三个单词，对吗？
There is an article here and limbic lobotomy, three words. But here we can only write two words and usually in IELTS you would not just throw away a word in the middle and take a lobotomy, so no.
这里有一个冠词和边缘脑额叶切除手术，三个词。但在这里，我们只能写两个单词，通常在雅思考试中，你不会在中间丢掉一个单词，然后只写脑额叶切除手术，所以不对。
Let's continue. That's an example about the monkeys.
让我们继续。这是一个关于猴子的例子。
In IELTS, it's very important to ignore the information you don't need and to concentrate on what you're looking for. Because otherwise you're just gonna see too many words you don't know and sentences are long and complex.
在雅思考试中，忽略你不需要的信息，专注于你想要的信息，这点非常重要。因为不然你就会看到很多你不认识的单词，句子又长又复杂。
So don't forget we are looking for those words. In our own species, limbic damage is closely related to sociopathic behavior.
所以别忘了我们在找的那些词。在我们人类中，边缘损伤与反社会行为密切相关。
Do you see the answer? Again, limbic damage is also synonymous to limbic disruption, that's what we're looking for, right?
你看到答案了吗？同样，边缘损伤也是边缘破坏的同义词，这就是我们要找的，对吗？
And then they say it's related to sociopathic behavior. In these are two words, I think that's the answer.
然后他们说这和反社会行为有关。在这些话中有两个词，我认为这就是答案。
In a computer-based IELTS, you can just copy paste and that's what I've done. But in a paper-based IELTS, always make sure you copy words correctly, you don't make a spelling mistake because that would make your answer wrong.
在机试中，你可以直接复制粘贴，我就是这么做的。但是在雅思考试笔试中，一定要确保你抄写的词是正确的，不要犯拼写错误，因为那样会导致你的答案错误。
Okay, so check the spelling. And again, let's read the whole sentence.
好，检查一下拼写。让我们再读一下整个句子。
Sociopathic behavior in humans is associated with limbic disruption. I think it sounds good.
人类的反社会行为与大脑边缘的破坏有关。我觉得听起来很合适。
Next. An industrial accident caused Phineas Gage to lose part of his...
下一个。一场工业事故导致菲尼亚斯·盖奇失去了他的部分……
Here it's easy. We have the name, we were looking for the name. So we need to find out what he lost.
这个很简单。我们知道名字了，我们要找名字。所以我们得查出他失去了什么。
Right. Actually, because we're looking for the name, we can just scan the text until we'll find it, okay I can see it here.
好。实际上，因为我们在找名字，我们可以浏览文章直到找到它，好的，我能看到它在这里。
I can see his surname several times, let's start from the beginning. One of the neurological wonders of history occurred, it doesn't matter.
我可以看到他的姓氏好几次，让我们从头开始。历史上发生了一个神经学上的奇迹，这里并不重要。
When a railway worker named mmm-hmm, our person, survived an accident during a metal rod skewered his skull, okay, taking a considerable, here, taking a considerable amount of his neocortex with it. So we can see that there was an accident.
当一位铁路工人叫，正是我们要找的人，在一次事故中幸存下来，当时有一根金属棒刺穿了他的头骨，好的，带走了相当多的，这里，损坏了他相当多的新皮质。所以我们可以看到发生了一起事故。
Yes, and in our question, we read an industrial accident, yeah. So caused him to lose part of his...
没错，在我们的问题中，我们读到了工业事故。所以导致他失去了他的部分……
Accident, then that's a description of the accident, and we can see that something happened to his skull but he didn't lose his skull, right? Taking a considerable amount of his neocortex with it, and taking something with it means he lost it, neocortex.
事故，接着是对事故的描述，我们可以看到他的头骨发生了一些变化，但他没有失去头骨，对吗？损坏了他相当多的新皮质，这里的 taking something 就意味着他失去了它，他推动了新皮质。
Let's read the whole sentence. An industrial accident caused Phineas Gage to lose part of his neocortex.
让我们读一下整个句子。一场工业事故导致菲尼亚斯·盖奇失去了他的部分新皮质。
As you remember the task was to write not more than two words which means we can totally write one word, that's our answer. Let's move on to the last question.
大家都记得，我们的任务是写不超过两个单词，也就是说我们完全可以写一个单词，这就是我们的答案。让我们继续讨论最后一个问题。
After his accident, coworkers noticed an imbalance between Gage's...and higher-order thinking. So we are looking for imbalance between two things, between his something and higher-order thinking.
事故发生后，同事们注意到在盖奇的……和他的高阶思维之间存在不平衡。所以我们要找的是两件事之间的不平衡，他的什么和高阶思维之间的不平衡。
Please pause the video now and try to find the answer yourself, and then we continue. Let's continue reading.
请暂停视频，自己试着找出答案，然后我们继续。让我们继续阅读。
Though Gage continued to work and live as before, his fellow employees observed a shift in the equilibrium of his personality. Okay, we read about co-workers noticing something.
尽管盖奇继续像以前一样工作生活，但他的同事们观察到他的性格发生了变化。好，我们读到同事注意到了一些事情。
Gage's animal propensities were now sharply pronounced while his intellectual abilities suffered, and then we can read some kind of jokes replaced his once quick wit, I don't think the answer is here, we just disregard this bit. So we're looking for imbalance and here I can see "a shift in the equilibrium", that is an imbalance, right?
盖奇的动物习性现在明显地显露出来，而他的智力却受到了损害，然后我们可以读到某些笑话取代了他曾经的机智，我认为答案不在这里，我们就不考虑这部分了。所以我们在寻找不平衡，这里我可以看到“平衡的转变”，这就是不平衡，对吗？
And here is the description. Gage's animal propensities were now sharply pronounced while his intellectual abilities suffered.
而这里是描述。盖奇的动物习性现在明显地显露出来，而他的智力却受到了损害。
Intellectual ability suffered, so that's about his higher-order thinking. And before that we were read about animal propensities, that means that he behaved a little bit like an animal.
智力受损，这部分就是关于他的高阶思维。在那之前，我们读到的是动物习性，这意味着他的行为有点像动物。
He was prone to do things that animals are prone to do. In IELTS, you can find out the correct answer even if you don't know the keyword, for example, the word propensities.
他倾向于做动物倾向于做的事。在雅思考试中，即使你不认识某些关键词，比如“习性”，你也可以找到正确的答案。
As long as you know words imbalance, you know words thinking, intellectual abilities and then you can just figure out where the correct answer is. Let's read the sentence in full.
只要你知道单词“不平衡”，你知道单词“思考”、“智力能力”，然后你就能找到正确答案的所在。让我们完整地读一下这个句子。
After his accident, co-workers noticed an imbalance between Gage's animal propensities and higher-order thinking. The sentence is grammatically correct, right?
事故发生后，同事们注意到盖奇的动物习性和高阶思维之间存在不平衡。这句话在语法上是正确的，对吗？
So that's our correct answer. Okay, we're done here.
这就是我们的正确答案。好了，我们做完了。
And that is the end of the section. How many questions could you answer correctly?
这部分就讲到这里。你能正确回答多少个问题？
Please leave me a comment because I want to know what your level is. That was the second section of the test, so you should spend not more than 20 minutes on it.
请留下评论告诉我，因为我想知道你的水平如何。这是考试的第二部分，所以你们花在上面的时间不要超过 20 分钟。
And then you spent only 15 minutes on the first one which is the easiest and leave about 25 minutes for the third one which is the most difficult. Then you give yourself the best chance to answer as many questions as you can currently.
然后你只花 15 分钟做第一部分，这部分最简单，把大约 25 分钟留给第三部分，这部分最难。然后你给自己留最多的机会来回答尽可能多的问题。
Another big time-saver, during IELTS reading, is knowing which questions come in order and which don't, and I talked about it in detail in this video here. Thank you for watching me today and good luck with your preparation and your exam.
在雅思阅读过程中，另一个节省时间的重要方法是知道哪些题目按顺序排列，而哪些不是，我在这个视频中详细讨论过。感谢大家今天观看我的视频，祝各位备考、考试顺利。
Bye.
再见。
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