英语介词是让我们英语学习者感觉最为头疼的部分，虽然介词本身都非常简单易学，我们很容易就能够记住介词的读音和拼写，但是介词的用法却非常复杂，不易掌握，每个介词都有不同的用法，用于修饰时间、地点，方向等或者与不同的动词、名词搭配表达不同的含义，瀚森教育英语名师根据多年教学经验，为大家全面解析介词By的用法，具体如下：
第一、介词By 表示某人做某事或怎么做某事（ WHO DOES SOMETHING OR HOW IT IS DONE）
1. PREP If something is done by a person or thing, that person or thing does it. 被
（1) The feast was served by his mother and sisters. 宴席由他的母亲和姐妹们招待。
（2) I was amazed by their discourtesy and lack of professionalism. 我为他们的无礼和职业精神的缺乏所震惊。
2. PREP If you say that something such as a book, a piece of music, or a painting is by a particular person, you mean that this person wrote it or created it. 由…创作
例：A painting by Van Gogh has been sold in New York for more than eighty-two million dollars.
一幅由梵高创作的画在纽约卖到超过八千二百万美元。
3. PREP If you do something by a particular means, you do it using that thing. 以…方式
例：If you're travelling by car, ask whether there are parking facilities nearby. 如果你开汽车旅行，问问附近是否有停车设施。
4. PREP If you achieve one thing by doing another thing, your action enables you to achieve the first thing. 通过 [PREP -ing]
（1) Make the sauce by boiling the cream and stock together in a pan. 通过将乳酪和高汤一起放在平底锅里煮来制作调味料。
（2) The all-female yacht crew made history by becoming the first to sail round the world. 全部由女性组成的游艇船员通过首次环球航行而创造了历史。
5. PREP You use by in phrases such as "by chance" or "by accident" to indicate whether or not an event was planned. 由于
（1) I met him by chance out walking yesterday. 昨天出去散步时我无意中遇到了他。
（2) He opened Ingrid's letter by mistake. 他误拆了英格丽德的信。
6. PREP If someone is a particular type of person by nature, by profession, or by birth, they are that type of person because of their nature, their profession, or the family they were born into. 就…而言 [adj/n PREP n]
（1) I am certainly lucky to have a kind wife who is loving by nature. 我的确幸运有一位仁慈的妻子，她天生富有爱心。
（2) She's a nurse by profession and now runs a counselling service for women. 她是护士出身，现在经营着一家针对女性的咨询服务公司。
7. PREP If something must be done by law, it happens according to the law. If something is the case by particular standards, it is the case according to the standards. 根据
例：Pharmacists are required by law to give the medicine prescribed by the doctor. 根据法律，药剂师被要求只配医生开列的药。
8. PREP If you say what someone means by a particular word or expression, you are saying what they intend the word or expression to refer to. 通过 (说某词或某话)
例：Stella knew what he meant by "start again." 斯特拉知道他说“再次开始”是什么意思。
9. PREP If you hold someone or something by a particular part of them, you hold that part. 通过
（1) He caught her by the shoulder and turned her around. 他抓住她的肩膀，使她转过身。
（2) She was led by the arm to a small room at the far end of the corridor. 她被抓着胳膊带到走廊另一头的一个小屋里。
10. PHRASE If you are by yourself, you are alone. 独自地
例： ...a dark-haired man sitting by himself in a corner. …一个独自坐在角落里的、深色头发的男子。
11. PHRASE If you do something by yourself, you succeed in doing it without anyone helping you. 独立地
例： I didn't know if I could raise a child by myself. 我不知道是否能独立抚养一个孩子。
第二、介词by用来修饰位置或地点（POSITION OR PLACE）
1. PREP Someone or something that is by something else is beside it and close to it. 在…旁边
（1) Judith was sitting in a rocking chair by the window. 朱迪丝坐在窗边的摇椅上。
（2) Felicity Maxwell stood by the bar and ordered a glass of wine. 费利西蒂·马克斯韦尔站在吧台旁，叫了一杯葡萄酒。
2. ADV By is also an adverb. 在旁边 [ADV after v]
例：Large numbers of security police stood by. 许多秘密警察站在旁边。
3. PREP If a person or vehicle goes by you, they move past you without stopping. 经过 [v PREP n]
例：A few cars passed close by me. 几辆车从我近旁驶过。
4. ADV By is also an adverb. 经过 [ADV after v]
例：The bomb went off as a police patrol went by. 炸弹在巡警队经过时爆炸了。
5. PREP If you stop by a place, you visit it for a short time. 暂时 (拜访)
例：We had made arrangements to stop by her house in Pacific Grove. 我们已安排好顺道去她在太平洋路的家拜访。
6. ADV By is also an adverb. 暂时地 [ADV after v]
例： I'll stop by after dinner and we'll have that talk. 晚餐后我会过来待会儿，我们可以谈谈那件事。
第三、介词By用来修饰时间和数量（TIMES AND AMOUNTS）
1. PREP If something happens by a particular time, it happens at or before that time. 到…时; 在…之前
例：By eight o'clock he had arrived at my hotel. 他八点前已到了我住的旅馆。
2. PREP If you do something by day, you do it during the day. If you do it by night, you do it during the night. 在…期间
例：By day a woman could safely walk the streets. 白天，妇女可以安全地在街上走。
3. PREP In arithmetic, you use by before the second number in a multiplication or division sum. 用于乘除法中 [PREP num]
例： ...an annual rate of 22.8 percent (1.9 multiplied by 12). …每年22.8％的比率（1.9乘以12）。
4. PREP You use by to talk about measurements of area. For example, if a room is twenty feet by fourteen feet, it measures twenty feet in one direction and fourteen feet in the other direction. 表示面积尺寸 [PREP num]
例：Three prisoners were sharing one small cell 3 metres by 2½ metres. 3名囚犯共住一间3米长2.5米宽的小牢房。
5. PREP If something increases or decreases by a particular amount, that amount is gained or lost. (表示数量、程度等) 以…之差 [PREP amount]
例：Violent crime has increased by 10 percent since last year. 暴力犯罪自去年以来已上升了10％。
6. PREP Things that are made or sold by the million or by the dozen are made or sold in those quantities. 按…计算 [PREP 'the' n]
例：Packages arrived by the dozen from America. 成打的包裹从美国寄来。
7. PREP You use by in expressions such as "minute by minute" and "drop by drop" to talk about things that happen gradually, not all at once. 表示循序渐进的速度 [n PREP n]
例：His father began to lose his memory bit by bit, becoming increasingly forgetful. 他父亲的记忆力开始一点点衰退，变得越来越健忘。
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