副词：是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、短语或句子的词，表示动作特征或性状特征。
一、副词的分类：根据其意义和语法和功能可分为以下几类：
1，普通副词：（1）时间副词，（2）频度副词，（3）地点副词，（4）方式副词，（5）程度副词。2，疑问副词。3，关系副词。4，连接副词：（1）从属连接副词（2）并列连接副词。5，观点副词。
1，普通副词：
（1）时间副词：表示动作发生的时间，回答“when?”的问题；或是表示其他的时间关系。now, just now, ago, before, later(on),lately, recently, early, late, today, tonight, yesterday, tomorrow.(already, yet, right away, immediately, shortly, soon, presently, since, then, still, long, finally).
（2）频度副词：表示频率，回答“how often?”的问题。 always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never, once (a week),
twice (a month),( rarely, seldom, constantly, continually, frequently, repeatedly, occasionally, ever.)
（3）地点副词：表示地点，回答“where?”的问题。above, below, over, under, about, around, abroad, away, back, here, there, home, round, in, out, off, on, up, down, upstairs, downstairs, east, west, south, north.
（4）方式副词：表示方式、方法。回答“how?”的问题. happily, merrily, angrily, quickly, slowly, suddenly, anxiously, nervously, calmly, carefully, widely, highly. quick, slow, hard, fast, well, high, wide, alone, so, straight, thus.
（5）程度副词：表示程度大小，回答“to what extent/degree?”的问题completely, entirely, wholly, extremely, nearly, almost, altogether, quite, rather, fairly, pretty, even, half, hardly, scarcely, slightly,
too, very, so, greatly, deeply, enough.
2,疑问副词：用来引导特殊问句。 when, where, how, why.
3,关系副词：用来引导定语从句。 when, where, how, why, that.
4,连接副词：（1）从属连接副词：用来引导主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，状语从句。 when, where, how, why, once, immediately, directly. （2）并列连接副词：用来连接上下文，或把句子连接成并列句。also, too, yet, so, therefore, thus, still, however, otherwise, besides, else, namely, when(=and then).
5,观点副词：也称语气副词或句副词，用于对整个句进行解释或说明，表述说话者的观点、语气。perhaps, maybe, probably, possibly, certainly, definitely, surely, undoubtedly, clearly, frankly, honestly, actually, luckily, fortunately, yes, no, naturally.
二、副词的句法功能。副词在句中主要作状语，也作表语，定语，宾语不足语，部分介词的宾语。
1，作状语：用来修饰动词,形容词,和其它副词,也可用来修饰名词,代词,数词,连词,介词短语或整个句子.
Hold the glass carefully, I don’t want it broken.
It’s really quite good; much better than we expected.
The baby is only 10 months old, but she walks already.
(常修饰数词的副词有only, about/some, nearly, almost, below, over等)
They were walking very slowly. He arrived shortly/just before noon.
Only we know the way. Nearly everybody went to the party.
He finished the work just before the film began.
He set to work immediately after he arrived. (after 可省略)
Unfortunately, nobody was at home.
2,作表语:多数是表示地点和时间的副词,如away, in, out, off, back, behind, inside, outside, up, down, upstairs, downstairs, somewhere, tonight,
yesterday等.也有少数其它副词,如:on, over等.副词作表语时,主要是跟联系be动词连用.
I was away from home for a long time. I must be off now.
It must be somewhere. Have you ever been abroad ? The light is on/off.
The opera will be tonight. The meeting was yesterday.
3,作定语:限于少数地点副词和时间副词,如here, there, below, above, today, yesterday, then, around 等.
On his way home he was caught in the shower. See the notes below. 副词作定语通常后置，少数副词可以后置，如above, then, upstairs.
When the war began, the then president felt that we would win in a short time. See the above sentence/ see the sentence above.
4,作宾语补足语。
They sent the children home. Leave it downstairs. Let them in.
5，作介词宾语。少数地点和时间副词，如here, there, home, now, then, far, abroad, 可用作介词宾语。
in here/there, near here, from abroad, from now on, by now, till now/up to now, since then.
You will be a big boy by then. I live 2 miles from here.
三、副词在句子中的位置。
1，副词在句中作表语时,放在联系动词的后面.
2, 副词在句中作定语时,通常放在所修饰的词之后.
3, 副词在句中作状语时,如修饰形容词,副词,连词,介词短语,放在被修饰的词之前,如:very beautiful, quite well, just after lunch, immediately after he arrived. 如修饰动词或全句可位于句首,句中和句尾.
Luckily, the 1889 earthquake did not happen in the centre of town.
We have never seen such a good film. The bird are flying high.
四 副词的比较等级.
能构成比较等级的副词包括:方式副词(badly, cleanly, slowly, well),少数频率副词(seldom, often, rarely),少数时间副词(early, late, soon, recently),少数地点副词(near, far).这些副词都可被so, very, too修饰.
1,副词比较等级的构成:
(1)综合式(-er,-est):适用于单音节或少数常用的与形容词同形的双音节词.
hard-harder-hardest quick-quicker-quickest early-earlier-earliest
(2)分析式(在词前加more,most):适合于双音节或多音节词.如:
clearly-more clearly-morst clearly happily-more happily-most happily
(often两种情况都可以) 不规则变化:
well-better-best badly-worse-worst much-more-most little-less-least far-farther/further-farther-farthest/furthest
2,副词比较级的用法与形容词比较等级的用法类似.
Herry drives fast. George drives faster. David drives fastest of all.
Jane prepares her work more carefully than Ann(does hers).
Tom ran as quickly as his brother. It rained more and more heavily.
The longer we waited, the more impatient we became.
(1)副词最高级前可用the,也可不用the.
(2)也可用less, least构成副词的比较等级,表示劣势比较.
I see him less frequently now. This is the least useful of the four books.
(3)副词比较级前也可用a little, a bit, a lot, a good deal, much, far,even,still等和表示度量的名词词组修饰.如:a bit more carefully, a few
minutes earlier, three times faster.
五 同根副词的区别.
有些副词与形容词同形:fast, long, early, half; 有些副词是由形容词加-ly构成: wisely, suddenly, finally.有些副词有两种形式:一种与形容词同形,另一种在形容词后加后缀-ly .常用的这类副词有:close,closely; deep,deeply
direct,directly; easy,easily; fair,fairly; firm,firmly; hard,hardly;
high,highly; just,justly; late,lately; loud,loudly; most,mostly; quick,
quickly; slow,slowly; wide,widely.
1,意义不同:
(1)hard努力;困难地;猛烈地,hardly几乎不,几乎没有
(2)just刚刚,justly正义地,公正地
He has just finished his homework. He was justly punished.
(3)late迟,lately新近,近来
(4)most最;mostly很,十分
2，用法不同：不带-ly的副词表示具体意义，与之同根的带-ly的副词表示抽象意义或引申意义.
(1) close近，靠近,closely留心，仔细，严格，严密; (2)deep深，迟,deeply深深地，深远地，深切地(3)direct（路途）直接,directly直接地，直截了当，立即; (4)easy容易地，不费力气地,easily容易地，不费力气地; (5)fair公平地，公正地,fairly公正地，正当地，相当，还，尚; (6)firm稳固地，坚定地,firmly坚定地; (7)high高，高高地,highly非常，很，高度地，高价地，赞许地表; (8)loud大声地，响亮地,loudly高声地，响亮地; (9) quick快,quickly快，快速地; (10)slow慢（较多用于口语中，比slowly语气强，一般用于go, run, drive, speak,read等动词后）,slowly慢（其它情况下用，可出现在动词前或后）; (11)wide张得很宽，广阔地，充分地,widely广泛，远，大大地（一般与动词的过去分词连）.
选择题
1. The bread is ____ than these cakes
A. very delicious B. much delicious C. more delicious D. as delicious
2. Lin Tao jumped ____ in the long jump in the school sports meeting
A. far B. farther C. farthest D. quite far
3. When they met in the hotel . They talked and laughed ______
A. happily B. happy C. happier D. happiest
4. In our city it’s ____ in July ,but it is even ____ in August
A. hotter hottest B. hot hot C. hotter hot D. hot hotter
5. Hainan is a very large Island .It is the second ______ island in china.
A. large B. larger C. largest D. most largest
6. An elephant is ____ than a tiger.
A. heavy B. very heavy C. the heaviest D. heavier
7. A horse is ______ than a dog .
A. much heavy B. more heavier C. much heavier D. more heavy
8. Emma always makes a lot of mistakes . She is _____.
A. care B. careful C. carefully D. careless
9. Which subject is ___, physics or chemistry?
A. interesting B. most interesting C. more interesting D. the most interesting
10. He is ___ enough to carry the heavy box.
A. strong B. stronger C. much stronger D. the strongest
11. Li lei often talks ___ but does ___ so everyone says he is a good boy.
A. less, more B. few, much C. more, little D. little, many
12. When the famous singer started to sing, everyone began to shout very ___ .
A. loudly B. loud C. heavily D. high
用括号内词的适当形式填空。
1 The Yellow River is the second __________ (long) river in China.
2 He drinks ________ (little) tea than you.
3 I think English is _________________ (interesting) of all subjects
4 Who is ___________ (good) at English in your class?
5 What is the ______________ (popular) way to travel?
6 All the movie theatres are good, but the Town Cinema has _______ (comfortable) seats.
7 Tom is ___________ (tall) of the three boys.
8 Xi’an is one of _______________ (famous) cities in China.
9 The radio says it’ll be a little _______ (cold) tomorrow.
10 Do you have ________ (many) books than I?
11 That is ____________ (near) way to go to the station from here.
12 Which do you like _________ (well), apples, bananas or pears?
13 Lucy jumps ________ (far) than Mary.
14 Mary has no time to do housework. She is __________ (busy) girl in her class.
15 The white car is long. The red car is much ______ (long).
16 Our country is getting ________ and ________ (strong).
17 In summer it is ______ (hot) in the south than in the north.
18 Jim listens to the teacher _____________ (carefully) than Tom.
19 The football game is very _________ (exciting).
20 Who is walking ______________ (slow), Tom or Mike?
21 I think this garden is ________________ (beautiful) in the country.
22 This picture book is _______________ (interesting) than that one.
23 Which pencil is _____________ (cheap) the red one. the yellow one or the green one ?
24 Who lives ___________ (far) from school, Bill, Peter or Sally?
根据中文的意思写出相应的英语1、 This box is _________. （比那个盒子重得多）。
"much 比较级＋than"表示"比……得多"。One代替上文的单数名词box。
2、These books are ________. （比那些书更有用）。Those代替上文的复数名词books。
3、The weather in Beijing is _________. （比长春热一点）。
"a little 比较级"表示"比……点"，代替上文不可数名词weather用that，不可用this。
4、He is _________. （比我高一尺）
后可用主格代词，口语中也可用宾格代词。"数量＋比较级"表示"大……"、"高……"。
5、This text is ________. （不如那一篇难）。Less … than意为"不如……"。
6、There are ________.（这个班学生比那个班的多多了）。
A lot more意为"多多了"。Those代替上文的复数名词。
7、The weather today is _________. （甚至比昨天天气更坏）。
"even 比较级"，意为"甚至更……"。
8、We have ________.（比你们多五倍的新书）。
Five times more意为“五倍多”，than后必须用名词性物主代词，
倍数＋比较级＋than意为"比……倍"。
9、It was _________. （便宜四分之一）。意为"便宜1/4"。
10、________, a horse or a sheep? （哪一个重）。
两者比较用比较级。Which (Who) is＋比较级，A or B?
11、Lucy is ________.（两个中较大的那个）。
意为"两个中比较……的那个"，此种用法是the 比较级＋of the two。
12、He is _________in the class. （比任何一个别的学生都好）。
可以用any of the other students代替。
比较级＋than any other 单数名词＝比较级 than any of the other 复数名词。
13、Spring is ________. （一年中最好的季节）。
"最高级＋of（in）…"表示范围内三者以上的比较用最高级。
14、My ruler is ________. (是你的二倍长)。
… times as 原级＋as意为"是……的几倍"。
15、Who writes _________？（在你们班最好）
（the）best in your class。谓语动词是行为动词，副词最高级前面的定冠词the可省略。
16、__________ book do you _________?（五本中最喜欢哪本）
答案：
1、 much heavier than that one
2、more useful than those
3、a little hotter than that in Changchun
4、an inch taller than I (me)
5、less difficult than that one
6、a lot more students in this class than those in that one
7、even worse than that yesterday
8、five times more new books than yours
9、one fourth cheaper
10、Which is heavier
11、the older of the two
12、better than any other student
13、the best season of the year
14、twice as long as yours
15、（the）best in your class
16、Which，like best of the five
张老师 2021-01-27
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