信息的有效和高效利用可以给物流和供应链管理带来诸多益处。其中最突出的四大益处如下：
●拥有更多的供应链知识和可视性，使信息取代库存成为可能；
●利用销售点数据，可以更好地了解顾客需求，从而有助于改善计划并减少供应链中的变化；
●通过企业资源计划(ERP) 系统，更好地协调制造、营销和配送活动；
●协调的物流信息系统可以简化订单处理流程并缩短提前期。
斯蒂文.奥尔特(Steven Alter)教授指出了适用于任一企业职能的六种不同类型的信息管理系统。橙子将对这六种信息管理系统进行简要介绍。
信息管理系统办公自动化系统
办公自动化系统：提供有效的方式处理个人和组织的业务数据，进行计算并生成文件。办公自动化系统中的通用软件包，包含文字处理、电子制表、演示以及数据库管理软件等，比如office办公套件。
在物流中，应用于经济订货批量计算、生产设施选址、运输成本最小化等的电子表格。
通信系统
通信系统通过多种不同形式的互动和信息分享，帮助人们协同工作。
电子数据交换(EDI)，在20世纪90年代曾被许多专家视为物流信息技术的标尺。而在进入21世纪的第一个10年，无线通信(wireless communication)脱颖而出，成为物流信息技术的标尺。
无线通信在物流中应用广泛，我们来看一种比较普及的应用，即全球定位系统GPS和北斗卫星定位系统。
在物流中，通信系统的运用也体现在通过计算机技术实现的虚拟会议、语音识别拣选。
交易处理系统
交易处理系统(TPS):收集和存储交易信息并对交易过程的某些方面进行控制。
为了达到TPS的主要目标，即高效地处理交易，企业可以选择使用批处理或实时处理。
采用批处理，数据被收集并存储起来以备根据计划(如每6小时一次)或交易量(如每25次交易)稍后进行处理。实时处理意味着在接受交易记录的同时就进行处理。相对于实时系统，批处理成本更低，也更易于员工进行操作。
在物流中，也表现为电子数据交换、诸如条形码等自动识别技术、销售点(POS) 系统。
管理信息系统
管理信息系统(MIS) 和主管信息系统(EIS):将TPS数据转换成信息以监控绩效和管理组织，目的是向管理人员和主管提供他们真正需要的信息。
决策支持系统
决策支持系统(DSS):通过提供信息、模型或分析工具来帮助管理者制定决策。
在物流运用上，仿真（比如运用flexsim软件建造模型进行仿真）、诸如仓库管理系统等专用软件、数据挖掘。
企业系统
企业系统:创造并维持一致的 数据处理方法和跨业务职能的集成数据库。
在物流中体现为，企业资源计划系统的物流模块。
英文翻译
The effective and efficient use of information can bring many benefits to logistics and supply chain management. The four most prominent benefits are as follows:
●Have more supply chain knowledge and visibility, making it possible for information to replace inventory;
●Use point-of-sale data to better understand customer needs, thereby helping to improve plans and reduce changes in the supply chain;
●Through enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, better coordinate manufacturing, marketing and distribution activities;
●Coordinated logistics information system can simplify the order processing process and shorten the lead time.
Professor Steven Alter pointed out six different types of information management systems suitable for any corporate function. Orange will briefly introduce these six information management systems.
1
office automation system
Office automation system: Provide an effective way to process personal and organizational business data, perform calculations and generate files. General software packages in office automation systems, including word processing, electronic tabulation, presentation, and database management software, such as office office suites.
In logistics, electronic forms used in economic order batch calculation, location selection of production facilities, and minimization of transportation costs.
2
Communication Systems
Communication systems help people work together through various forms of interaction and information sharing.
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) was regarded by many experts as the yardstick of logistics information technology in the 1990s. In the first decade of entering the 21st century, wireless communication has emerged as the benchmark for logistics information technology.
Wireless communication is widely used in logistics. Let's look at a relatively popular application, namely the Global Positioning System GPS and Beidou Satellite Positioning System.
In logistics, the use of communication systems is also embodied in virtual meetings and voice recognition selection through computer technology.
3
Transaction Processing System
Transaction Processing System (TPS): Collect and store transaction information and control certain aspects of the transaction process.
In order to achieve the main goal of TPS, which is to process transactions efficiently, companies can choose to use batch processing or
Real-time processing.
With batch processing, data is collected and stored for later processing according to schedule (such as once every 6 hours) or transaction volume (such as every 25 transactions). Real-time processing means that the transaction records are processed at the same time. Compared with real-time systems, batch processing is cheaper and easier for employees to operate.
In logistics, it is also manifested in electronic data exchange, automatic identification technologies such as bar codes, and point of sale (POS) systems.
4
MIS
Management Information System (MIS) and Supervisor Information System (EIS): Transform TPS data into information to monitor performance and manage the organization, the purpose is to provide managers and supervisors with the information they really need.
5
Decision Support Systems
Decision Support System (DSS): Help managers make decisions by providing information, models or analysis tools.
In logistics applications, simulation (such as using flexsim software to build models for simulation), special software such as warehouse management systems, and data mining.
6
Enterprise System
Enterprise system: Create and maintain consistent data processing methods and integrated databases across business functions.
Reflected in logistics as the logistics module of the enterprise resource planning system.
——来源：谷歌翻译
本文由LearningYard 学苑橙子原创。
部分文字参考物流学第11版，如有侵权请沟通
文案：橙子
排版：橙子
审核：王梦雪
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