That birds migrate has been known for centuries. Ancient Persians used the comings and goings of birds as a basis for one of the first written calendars. The swallows return to San Juan Capistrano in the United States has inspired legends. Many of us set our own seasonal timetable by the arrival of the first robins or the song of the first warbler.

人类对鸟类定期移栖的了解已有几个世纪了。古代波斯人把鸟的移栖作为最初书面日历之一的依据。燕子回归美国的圣胡安·卡皮斯特拉诺曾引出了许多传说。许多人都根据第一只知更鸟的到来或第一只莺的歌唱安排自己的季节时间表。

记住鸟的名称:swallow燕子;robin知更鸟;warbler鸣鸟。

鹳鸟迁巢文言文阅读理解(译文解析飞鸟)(1)

The annual vanishing and reappearing act has inspired entertaining theories. In the 1500s, people believed swallows spent the winter motion less on the bottoms of lakes, packed together like so many feathered pebbles. Two hundred years later, bird silhouettes in the night sky gave rise to the notion that ducks and geese spent the winter happily paddling the seas of the moon.

鸟类每年的消失与再现引起了许多有趣的推测。十六世纪时,人们认为,燕子过冬时就像堆在一起的有毛的卵石在湖底一动也不动。二百年以后,人们把鸟在夜空中的侧影看作是鸭子与鹅在月球的海中戏水过冬。

鹳鸟迁巢文言文阅读理解(译文解析飞鸟)(2)

这段的翻译难点是entertaining theories,字面意思是“有趣的理论,娱乐的理论”,但汉语没有这种搭配及说法,我们不妨看看段落的后半部分讲的什么内容。段落里的第二句和第三句都是在举例说明这个theories的,通过例子的内容及我们的常识,判断出,人们当时所认为的现象是一种推理或者推测。因此,把entertaining theories翻译成“有趣的推测”就比较合适了。silhouette是“轮廓,剪影”的意思。

鹳鸟迁巢文言文阅读理解(译文解析飞鸟)(3)

Today researchers follow bird movements primarily by banding more than a million creatures annually. Some birds are equipped with radio transmitters to track migration flocks

今天,研究人员每年主要通过在一百多万只鸟身上系上套管来了解它的迁徙。为了跟踪迁徒的鸟群,他们还在一些鸟身上安装了无线电发射器。

句子的翻译过程中,可以根据上下文改变原有的主语。这个段落里的第二句是一个被动语态。因为这段主要讲的是研究人员的工作,所以,为了和第一句的主语researchers一致,也为了让句子更符合汉语的表达习惯——多用主动语态,就用“他们(研究人员)”做主语,这样,第一句的主语用名词 “研究人员”,第二句的主语用 “他们”,汉语译文就很顺畅了。

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