Guizhou, a province with numerous towering Bridges
文 《一带一路报道》全媒体记者 向雯
江南千条水，云贵万重山。在贵州，交通巨变从“桥”开始。
South of the Yangtze River is a rivery land, as Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau boasts a mountainous landscape. Guizhou has witnessed great changes in traffic brought by bridges.
从“世界最高桥”——北盘江第一桥，到“最美天空之桥”——平罗高速平塘大桥，再到“世界上最大跨径的钢桁梁斜拉桥”——鸭池河特大桥……外交部发言人华春莹也忍不住在其个人推特账号上为贵州桥点赞：“贵州是中国唯一没有平原支撑的省份，但它的桥梁却创造了数十项‘世界第一’，是名副其实的‘桥梁博物馆’。”
In Guizhou, various bridges are built, including the first Beipan River Bridge (the world’s highest bridge), Pingtang Bridge of the Pingtang-Luodian Expressway (the “Sky Bridge”), and Yachi River Super Major Bridge (the world’s longest steel-truss, cable-stayed bridge). Even Hua Chunying, Foreign Ministry Spokesperson, lauded bridges in Guizhou with the following text released on her Twitter account: “Guizhou is the only province in China without plain support, but its bridges have set dozens of world records. Therefore， Guizhou could be called a ‘Bridge Museum’.”
2.1万座遍布贵州的公路桥梁各具特色，几乎囊括当今世界全部桥型。据统计，世界前100座最高桥梁中，中国有80多座，其中50座在贵州。
There are 21,000 featured road bridges scattered across Guizhou Province, involving almost all the bridge structures worldwide. Statistics show that among the one hundred world’s highest bridges, over 80 are built in China; furthermore, 50 of these 80 are located in Guizhou Province.
山水之间的“飞天奇迹”
A sky-high miracle amongst mountains and rivers
云贵之间，乌蒙山高耸入云，北盘江奔腾不息。2016年，一座飞天大桥在这里拔地而起，这座被誉为“世界第一高桥”的桥梁将云南和贵州紧紧相连，它是山间的风景，更是出行的“天路”，它就是杭瑞高速北盘江第一桥。
At the boundary between Yunnan and Guizhou provinces, there stands the lofty Wumeng Mountains and the rolling Beipan River. In 2016, the first Beipan River Bridge of the Hangzhou–Ruili Expressway rose from the level ground into the sky. Dubbed “the world’s highest bridge”, it constitutes magnificent scenery in the mountains, also known as the “sky road” connecting the two provinces.
该桥全长1341.4米，主跨度720米，放眼望去，巨大的索塔直冲云霄，红色的桥身横跨千峰万壑。然而最令人惊叹的是，其桥面到谷底的垂直高度达565.4米，相当于200层楼高。这一工程被外国媒体报道后，被惊呼为“飞天奇迹”，因为桥下方足以放置一整座帝国大厦。
With a total length of 1,341.4m and a span of 720m, the bridge is constructed with an elevated tower, as if it’s touching the sky. The red bridge railing stretches across peaks and ridges, with a vertical height from the ground of an astonishing 565.4m, equivalent to that of a 200-floor building. In foreign media reports, the bridge was described as a startling “sky-high miracle” because it is high enough for an Empire State Building to be placed under it.
与壮美的喀斯特地貌相对的，是在上面建桥的难度。喀斯特地貌区域充斥着无数溶洞与暗河，一个个溶洞就像一颗颗地雷，在地上钻孔，稍不注意就会打进巨大的溶洞里，再加上沿江10公里山体地貌石灰岩密布，硬度极差，如何把桥桩稳固在基岩上，是设计团队面临的第一道难关。
However, the surrounding marvelous karst landscape had been a barrier to the construction of bridges. Countless karst caves and underground rivers are distributed in such a landscape, making the drilling a knotty task because any drill might crack the top of caves. In addition, the limestone structure of the 10km mountain area results in bad rigidity, which led to the very first difficulty for the designers to stabilize the bridge pier on bedrocks.
遵余高速湘江大桥
作为北盘江第一桥的总设计师，中国桥梁工程师彭运动在接到任务的第一时间，就带领团队对沿江山体地貌进行了细致的考察，脚下崎岖的山路，他们走了不下百次，为躲避遍布山体的溶洞和裂隙，设计团队不断将桥的位置往高处移，最终将桥面高度锁定在565.4米，无意间打破了世界纪录。
Peng Yundong, the chief designer of the first Beipan River Bridge and a Chinese bridge engineer, led his team to inspect the local landscape of rivers and mountains immediately after receiving the task. Having trudged over hill and dale countless times, they spotted scattering karst caves and fractures and continuously elevated the height of the bridge to avoid them. Eventually, the bridge was designed to be built at a height of 565.4m, breaking the world record unexpectedly.
深达600米的高山峡谷，地势险要，两岸索塔要坐落于悬崖边，梁的架设成了项目的最大难点。经过设计团队的不断摸索，创新性提出在边跨增设一个辅助墩、边跨采用顶堆的施工方案。这一方案首次在斜拉桥施工中应用，大大降低了山区高支架施工风险，工期比悬索桥方案缩短半年，更重要的是对桥下水域无污染，不会破坏岸坡稳定，真正做到绿色环保施工。
Located in the deep mountains and valleys of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, the bridge is almost 600m above the deepest point of the gorge. The trickiest part of the construction lay in the set of girders because the bridge towers were to be installed at two cliffs due to hostile terrain. After a long period of exploration and research, the design team came up with an innovative idea to set an auxiliary pier on the side span and adopt incremental launch to construct it. This was the first time applying such measures in building a cable-stayed bridge, greatly reducing the construction risk of setting an overhang bracket at a high altitude in mountains with the construction period half-year shorter than building a suspension bridge. It should be noted that this construction plan would not pollute the water under the bridge and destroy the ecosystem on two sides, ensuring an environment-friendly construction.
地基筑牢，材料就绪，桥塔建好，如何在高空中将桥面吊装到位，成为摆在工程师们面前的又一道难关。经过反复讨论与研究，一个划时代的“纵移悬拼”建造方案应运而生。施工方将长12米、重160吨的钢桁梁的各分段，在地面进行整体拼装完成，通过吊机在离地200米处的高空中进行整体吊装。其间，面对威力迅猛的峡谷风，施工方又必须将直径只有27毫米的螺栓精准对接……三年间，就是在这样高难度的施工环境下，工程师们攻克了无数难关，排除万难，终于建成了世界第一高桥，并先后申请各类专利达13项。
After the foundation, material and tower were all set, another barrier struck: how should engineers hoist the bridge deck system in the air? Discussions and research then contributed to an epoch-making construction plan — moving the sectional parts vertically and assembling them in the air. The engineers sectioned a steel truss girder stretching 12m and weighing 160 tons and assembled the part on the ground; after that, they hoisted them from a height of 200m. Despite such a tough construction environment, the engineers broke through untold bottlenecks and went through many difficulties in the three years, finally finishing the construction of the world’s highest bridge. During the project, up to 13 patents of different categories were successfully applied one by one.
2018年，北盘江第一桥荣获世界桥梁界“诺贝尔奖”——古斯塔夫斯金奖，国际工程咨询界“诺贝尔奖”——菲迪克特别优秀奖，以及中国公路学会科学技术特别奖等殊荣。
In 2018, the bridge won the gold Gustav Lindenthal Medal and the FIDIC Award of Special Merit, which are respectively regarded as the Nobel Prize in bridge construction and international engineering consulting fields. Moreover, it also won other honors, such as the special prize of Science and Technology Award of the China Highway and Transportation Society.
北盘江第一桥
世界桥梁博物馆
The museum of world bridges
世界桥梁看中国，中国桥梁看贵州。
China is a land of world-famous bridges while Guizhou is a province of nationally renowned bridges.
俯瞰贵州大地，除了令人瞩目的“世界第一高桥”，还有众多的公路桥梁傲然矗立在苍山绿水之间，不负贵州桥梁众多 “第一”的美名。
In addition to the first Beipan River Bridge (the world’s highest bridge), many other road bridges are standing in the beautiful scenery of Guizhou Province, which contributes to its title of “province of bridges”.
4月4日，由贵州桥梁集团承建的贵州首座“提篮”式公路桥梁——G320线花鱼洞大桥被国际桥梁大会（IBC）授予古斯塔夫斯金奖，这是贵州省继北盘江第一桥、鸭池河特大桥、平塘大桥之后，第4座荣获该项国际大奖的工程项目，亦是全国第9座获此殊荣的桥梁。
On April 4, the arched basket road bridge — G320 Huayudong Bridge constructed by Guizhou Bridge Construction Group Co., Ltd. — was granted a gold Gustav Lindenthal Medal by the International Bridge Conference (IBC). This made it the fourth construction project to win this award after the first Beipan River Bridge, the Yachi River Super Major Bridge and Pingtang Bridge.
位于贵阳至黄果树高等级公路清镇市内的花鱼洞大桥全长270米，于2019年2月20日开工，2021年6月29日建成通车。该桥先后获得11项国家专利技术、1项省级工法，尤其是全国首创的“边建边拆”的改建方式，成为山区桥梁改建的典范。
Located in Qingzhen City along the high-grade highway from Guiyang City to Huangguoshu Town, Huayudong Bridge was commenced on February 20, 2019, and completed and opened on June 29, 2021, with a total length of 270m. Successively, the construction project of the bridge obtained 11 national patents and a provincial construction method, and the concurrent construction and demolition of it have become a reconstruction pattern for bridges in mountainous areas.
“以往授奖的桥梁都是跨度大、高度高的地标性大规模桥梁。”贵州省交通规划勘察设计研究院股份有限公司总工程师杨健认为，本次授奖给跨度和高度均不突出、造价仅1.1亿元的花鱼洞大桥，凸显了该桥的技术含量、环保价值和美学价值，标志着贵州在山区峡谷桥梁“小而精”建设方面达到了一个世界认可的全新高度，更加夯实了贵州“世界桥梁博物馆”的地位。
“Traditionally speaking, the awarded bridges boast long spans, high altitudes, large size and landmark features,” said Yang Jian, chief engineer of Guizhou Transportation Planning Survey & Design Academe Co., Ltd. He further noted that the Huayudong Bridge did not stand out in span and altitude with a construction cost of merely 110 million yuan; however, this award highlighted the technical power, environment-friendly construction and aesthetic features of the bridge, marking that it was recognized worldwide for its “small yet delicate” bridge construction process in mountainous areas. Also, Guizhou’s title of “museum of world bridges” was tested.
世界上最大跨径的钢桁梁斜拉桥——鸭池河特大桥，主跨800米、全长1450米，东塔高243.2米，西塔高258.2米，该桥创世界山区斜拉桥之最，已成为贵黔高速公路上一道亮眼的风景。
Yachi River Super Major Bridge is the world’s longest steel-truss, cable-stayed bridge with a span length of 800m and a total length of 1,450m. The two towers on the east and west measure 243.2m and 258.2m respectively. As a record-breaking bridge in the world, it serves as an exceptionally beautiful part of the Guiyang-Qianxi Expressway.
贵州思南至剑河高速公路剑河县岑松镇段桥梁
世界第一高混凝土桥塔——平罗高速平塘大桥，被业内称为“最美天空之桥”，328米的塔高成就了它的地位。大桥采用的“叠合梁斜拉桥整节段上行式安装工法”属国内首创，提高施工效率20%，为国内装配化施工开拓了新方向。
The Pingtang Bridge of the Pingtang-Luodian Expressway is the world’s highest concrete bridge with the name “Sky Bridge” in the industry, because of the 328m high towers. The installation method of sectioning and hoisting for cable-stayed bridge composite girder construction was a pioneer in China, raising the construction efficiency by 20% and expanding new space for assembling construction nationwide.
世界首创的空腹式连续刚构桥——水盘高速北盘江特大桥，主跨采用 290 米的预应力混凝土空腹式连续刚构，全长 1261 米，最大墩高 170 米，先后荣获“鲁班奖”“中国土木工程詹天佑奖”“李春奖（公路交通优质工程奖）”和“贵州省科技进步一等奖”。
……
The Beipan River Super Major Bridge of Liupanshui–Panxian Expressway is an initiatively designed hollow continuous rigid frame bridge, which is applied with 290m of hollow continuous rigid frames made with pre-stressed concrete. It is 1,261m in length and has the tallest 170m-high pier, winning honors such as the Luban Prize, Tien-yow Jeme Civil Engineering Prize, Li Chun Award (national highway construction highest achievement award), as well as the first prize of Guizhou Science and Technology Progress Award.
…
每建一座大桥都是一种挑战，也是一个机遇。
Both challenges and opportunities lie in the construction of every bridge.
北盘江第一桥通车后，贵州六盘水至云南宣威市区的车程从以前的5个小时左右，缩短为1个多小时，不仅促进了地方社会经济发展，更是为国家“一带一路”建设添上了浓墨重彩的一笔。
After the opening of the first Beipan River Bridge, the drive from Liupanshui City (Guizhou) to Xuanwei City’s urban area (Yunnan) was shortened from five hours to 1-2 hours. The bridge not only promotes the local social and economic development but also facilitates the Belt and Road Initiative with exceptional significance.
镌刻着“世界桥梁看中国，中国桥梁看贵州”的时代烙印，桥梁为贵州铺就了一条条出山跨海，助力产业发展的“梦想大道”。
China is a land of world-famous bridges while Guizhou is a province of nationally renowned bridges. This saying is exactly reflected in Guizhou’s bridges, which contribute to the transportation improvement and industrial development in Guizhou Province, realizing various dreams.
精湛技术打开广阔市场
A vast marketplace unlocked by technologies
如今，贵州高速公路里程突破8000公里，总里程排全国第5位，综合密度西部第1位。截至2021年底，贵州已建成出省通道24个，其中一半以上通道采用桥梁通过。贵州公路桥梁伴随着贵州交通巨变，令人刮目相看。
Today, Guizhou Province enjoys an expressway mileage of more than 8,000 km, ranking 5th in the country’s whole mileage and 1st in the west for the comprehensive density of expressways. By the end of 2021, the province has built 24 outbound expressways and highways, more than half of which include road bridges. Along with the great changes in Guizhou Province’s traffic condition, the bridges there are truly impressive today.
贵州瓮开高速开州湖特大桥建设现场
成就背后，离不开不断寻求突破的匠人精神。
These achievements owe to the hard work and constant exploration of engineering teams.
多年来，贵州省交通运输厅组织开展了一批省部级重大科研项目攻关，重点突破一批关键技术难题，在山区复杂条件下大型桥梁建设技术方面，形成了千米级悬索桥、高墩大跨径连续刚构桥、大跨径斜拉桥等设计施工成套技术，实现了贵州省桥梁建设技术的大跨越，有力支撑了一批世界级桥梁工程的建设。
For years, the Department of Transportation of Guizhou Province has organized a number of major scientific research projects at the provincial and ministerial levels, focusing on breaking through a number of key technical problems, in the construction of large-size bridges in hostile mountainous conditions. Many technologies for construction and design, such as the thousand-meter suspension bridge, high-pier large-span continuous rigid bridge, and large-span cable-stayed bridge, have been achieved to realize a big upgrade for the bridge construction technology in Guizhou Province. Also, technology has served as strong support for some world-class bridge construction projects.
随着贵州交通建设的突飞猛进，一批高水平的贵州交通建设企业也纷纷崛起。以贵州公路集团、贵州桥梁集团、贵州路桥集团为代表的施工企业正依托精湛技艺，走出大山，走向世界，投身 “一带一路”建设。
With the accelerated improvement of Guizhou’s traffic conditions, a number of high-level enterprises in the transportation construction sector have seen a rise in the province. Guizhou Highway Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Guizhou Bridge Construction Group Co., Ltd., Guizhou Road &Bridge Group Co., Ltd., and other representative construction enterprises are stepping toward the world from Guizhou Province and joining the development of the Belt and Road Initiative with technological advantages.
“不论是生产经营管理还是项目技术研发创新，集团公司都积累了一批经验丰富、胆大心细、观念超前的复合型人才，具备投资建设新模式、山区特大桥隧施工技术、机械设备等核心竞争力，为集团公司‘走出去’打下了坚实的基础。”贵州公路集团党委副书记、副董事长、总经理计中彦表示。
Ji Zhongyan, deputy secretary of the Party Committee, vice chairman, and general manager of Guizhou Highway Engineering Group Co., Ltd., stated: “We have a group of versatile professionals with rich experience, cautious working style and advanced thinking pattern, specializing in production, operation, management, and technological innovation for R&D of projects. Thanks to that, we enjoy core competitiveness in terms of the new mode of investment and construction, construction technology for super major bridges and tunnels in mountainous areas, as well as machinery and equipment, laying a solid foundation for our ‘go global’ plan.”
在贵州交通建设企业中，贵州公路集团率先“破冰”。
Among all enterprises in the transportation construction sector in Guizhou, the Group has made the first move to sign contracts for construction projects in foreign countries.
2017年3月，贵州公路集团正式成立海外事业部（后改名为“战略投资部”），主要负责海外市场开发。但在“走出去”初期，公路集团作为一名海外市场的“新兵”，面对其他国家不同的法律、经济、市场和文化环境，同时和央企相比，在某些方面又有差距，走出国门举步维艰。
In March 2017, the Group has set up an Overseas Business Department (later renamed as Strategic Investment Department), which operates the overseas market development. However, the first few steps of the Group in going global were staggering: as a newcomer to the overseas market, it had to face different business conditions regarding laws, economy, market and culture, plus a huge gap between its competency and that of China’s centrally-administered state-owned enterprises (central SOEs).
“通过对海外市场近两年的考察、项目研究以及跟已经‘走出去’的中资企业接触，公司慢慢探索出一条适合自己的出国之路。”计中彦说，集团公司与有实力、有经验的企业组成联合体，实现优势互补，同时通过项目锻炼队伍，培育一支具备国际业务能力的团队，是公司现阶段“走出去”的方向。
“After almost two years of visiting trips and project research for overseas market, and exchanges with other Chinese-funded enterprises that have gone global, we finally explored a globalization path that perfectly matches our condition,” said Ji. The group has also formed a consortium with other enterprises that are experienced and competent in going global, so as to make use of its advantages and learn from other players. Moreover, it will also cultivate its employees with projects and build a team with the capability to operate international businesses, which is the current plan for the Group’s going global prospects.
贵州省仁遵高速公路大发渠特大桥施工现场
通过不懈努力，2019年，贵州公路集团成功中标蒙古国乌兰巴托到达尔汗道路升级改造项目第一阶段CW1-3标段，这是公司第一个正式落地的海外项目，实现了海外市场“零的突破”；随后，又成功中标格鲁吉亚E60高速公路F4标段，合同额14.2亿元人民币；2021年再次中标哈萨克斯坦公路建设项目，首次挺进中亚交通基础设施建设市场。
With these efforts made, the Group has won the bid for the CW1-3 section, phase I of the road renovation project from Ulaanbaatar to Darkhan in 2019, which is its first official project to be implemented overseas and marks a “0 to 1” breakthrough. After that, it became a bid winner for the F4 section of E60 Expressway in Georgia, with a contract value of 1.42 billion yuan. In 2021, the Group again won the bid for the road construction project in Kazakhstan, which is its first step into the transportation infrastructure construction market of Central Asia.
站上新起点，贵州交建企业正以技术创新敲开海外市场的大门，“让交通无缝连接”的愿景逐步实现。
Embarking on a new journey from a new start, enterprises in Guizhou’s transportation construction sector are entering the overseas market with technological innovation, aiming to achieve seamless transport links.
来源：《一带一路报道》2022年第3期
编辑：李卉嫔
校对：秦粟风
审核：雷露
主编：邓灼
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