助动词的概念
助动词本身无词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和实义动词一起构成谓语可用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态、语气等 常见助动词有beHaveshallshouldwillwoulddo 实例He doesn't speak English.他不说英语。(否定)Do you have a brother?你有兄弟吗?(疑问)We are playing basketball.我们正在打篮球。(时态)
助动词 be 的用法1、加现在分词,构成进行时The students are having class.学生们正在上课。 2、加过去分词,构成被动语态The letter was received yesterday.那封倍昨天被收到了。 3、be 动词不定式构成谓语可表示打算、决定、计划、安排、指示、命令、禁止、责任、义务、需要、可能性等 He is to leave next week.他决定下周离开。You are to hand in the exercises tomorrow.你们明天必须交练习本。Am I to go on with the work?这工作我该不该继续于下去?
助动词have的用法1、have 过去分词构成完成时态Have有人称和数的变化当主语是第三人称单数时要用助动词 has而在过去时态中都要用hadI have not seen her for a long time.我好久没见到她了。By the end of last year, he had finished all his work.到去年底,他已经完成了全部工作。 2、have been doing 构成完成进行时 I have been staying there for a day我一整天都待在那儿。 注意:have 可作实义动词I have flu.我得了流感
助动词do的用法1、将do,dose,did放在句首构成一般现在时或一般过去时的疑问句Do you come from England?你来自英国吗?What did he tell you?他跟你说什么了? 2、do加not,构成一般现在时或一般过去时的否定形式I don't think so.我不认为这样。 3、用于替代前面出现的动词,以避免重复He swims better than I do.他游泳游得比我好。(代替动词swim) 4、放在动词原级前,用于强调Do be careful !千万要小心啦!They did come,but did nothing.他们来是来了,可什么也没做。前一个did就是用于强调,后一个did是实义动词 5、用于构成倒装— I love flowers.我喜欢花。 — So do I.我也喜欢。 Never did I hear of such a story.我从未听说过这样的故事。 注意:do也可用作实义动词I always do some reading in the evening.我晚上总要读些书。
助动词shall与will的用法shall/will 动词原形,可以构成一般将来时,表示“ 将来会......”shall用于第一人称will用于各种人称 There will be more trees in one hundred years.100年后将有更多的树。I shall be fifteen years old next birthday.到下一个生日,我就15岁了。
助动词should与would的用法should 和 would 分别是 shall 和 will 的过去式should/would 动词原形构成过去将来时should 用于过去将来时态的第一人称would 用于过去将来时态的各种人称 The weather report said that we should have rain.天气预报说,我们这儿将有雨。 The boss said that there would be a meeting tomorrow.老板说明天将有一个会议。 注意:will, would,shall,should除了表示单纯的将来时间以外,更多的是用作情态动词shall,should用于第一人称表示单纯的将来时,在现代英语中分别用will,would代替
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