【往期回顾】
一课一题一语法：新概念英语第2册第85课
【答案】
1. Her husband _will have left_ (leave) for Shanghai by the time she comes back from work.
2. He _will be reading_ (read) in the library this time tomorrow.
3. The girl _will have been playing_ (play) the guitar for five months by the end of next week.
【本期内容】
下面我们继续本周《新概念英语2》第86课的重点句型或语法的分享。先来读一读课文：
一、课文原文
Lesson 86 Out of control
As the man tried to swing the speedboat round, the steering wheel came away in his hands. He waved desperately to his companion, who had been water skiing for the last fifteen minutes. Both men had hardly had time to realize what was happening when they were thrown violently into the sea. The speedboat had struck a buoy, but it continued to move very quickly across the water. Both men had just begun to swim towards the shore, when they noticed with dismay that the speedboat was moving in a circle. It now came straight towards them at tremendous speed. In less than a minute, it roared past them only a few feet away. After it had passed, they swam on as quickly as they could because they knew that the boat would soon return. They had just had enough time to swim out of danger when the boat again completed a circle. On this occasion, however, it had slowed down considerably. The petrol had nearly all been used up. Before long, the noise dropped completely and the boat began to drift gently across the water.
大家可以从下面购买《新概念英语》第二册的官方教材：
二、重点句型或语法
本课主要是复习第14课、第38课和第62课所学的过去完成时和过去完成进行时的用法。
（一）第14课
本课侧重学习的是过去完成时的基本用法，即表示过去的过去，其基本结构为：
sb. had done sth.
如：
She had left home when the phone rang.
其否定表达为：
sb. had not done sth.
如：
She had not left home when the phone rang.
其疑问句只要把had提到主语前面即可，如：
- Had she left home when the phone rang?
- Yes, she had.
- No, she hadn't.
When had she left home?
过去完成时常见的标志词有：
before 过去时间，如：before yesterday。
采用一般过去时的时间状语从句，如：when he came back。
本课侧重学习的是时间状语从句中过去完成时的用法，常见的从句连接词有：when、after、before、until、as soon as。如：
When he came back, his wife had already flown to Paris.
After she had finished her job, she went to the cinema.
Before I gave him the notebook, he had bought a new one.
She did not go to sleep until her husband had come back home.
As soon as she had arrived in London, she called her mother.
（二）第38课
本课继续学习的是过去完成时的用法，侧重表“一...就...”的句型梳理学习，以及在间接引语中的用法。
1、表“一...就...”的句型
表“一...就...”的句型一般是由as soon as引导，但另外常用的句型还有：hardly...when...；no sooner...than...。如：
As soon as I had arrived home, Jane called me.
I had hardly arrived home when Jane called me.
I had no sooner arrived home than Jane called me.
【注意】
hardly可以用rarely、scarcely、nearly等来替换。
2、间接引语中
在间接引语中，当主句动词采用过去式时，其从句的动词要改为相应的过去时态，此时从句（间接引语）中的谓语动词就有可能要采用过去完成时。如：
直接引语：Tim said to Kathy, 'I was at the meeting yesterday.'
间接引语：Tim told Kathy (that) he had been at the meeting the day before.
直接引语：Bob said to Nina, 'Have you finished your program?'
间接引语：Bob asked Nina if/whether she had finished her program.
（三）第62课
本课侧重学习的是过去完成进行时的用法，并对比了它与过去完成时的区别。
过去完成进行时主要用来表示过去发生的事情，一直持续到过去某个时间结束或仍在进行。
相比较而言，过去完成时强调的是结果，其动词既可以是瞬间动词，也可以是持续动词，而过去完成进行时强调的是过程，所以其动词必须是持续动词。如：
He had finished the work by last Friday. (瞬间动词，强调结果)
He had read the novel before she came back. (持续动词，强调结果)
He had been reading the novel for two hours before she came back. (持续动词，强调过程)
三、一课一题
根据本课的复习内容，让我们来练一练吧，请根据前后文用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. They _____ (complete) the work on the bridge by next Sunday.
2. They _____ (leave) for Moscow by the end of last month.
3. They _____ (work) on the problem for ten days before it was solved.
4. They _____ (build) the house for two weeks by the time she comes next week.
廖怀宝
时学英语创始人
《英语点津系列辅导丛书》总主编
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