少有人修图会在配文里说自己具体修了哪儿。
顶多就是在评论区谦虚一句:“啊,‘照骗’啦。”
现在,法律规定,挪威的网红们发布照片要明示自己是否修了图——等于明说自己在用“照骗“。
A new law in Norway makes it illegal for advertisers and social media influencers to share promotional photos online without disclosing whether the images were retouched.
挪威的一项新法律规定,广告商和社交媒体网红发布广告照片而不披露照片是否经过润色或涉嫌违法。
Examples of edits that should be labelled include enlarged lips, narrowed waists, and exaggerated muscles, among other things.
需要明确标记的修图示例包括但不限于丰唇、细腰、增肌等效果。
P的大眼、细腰、肌肉都得标示出来,为什么这样规定呢?
该法律最初提案时引述的研究显示:厌食症排在挪威年轻女孩死亡原因的第三位。
Body pressure is a major topic of conversation in the country. Young people are exposed to a massive pressure to look good. Advertising and social media, and the models displayed are often digitally retouched. This exposes young people to an ideal of beauty that is impossible to achieve.
外形焦虑是这个国家的一个主要话题。年轻人面临着巨大的外貌焦虑。广告、社交媒体、展示的模特通常都是经过数码修图的。年轻人由此接触着一种不可能实现的理想美。
没有打上政府授权的照片徽标,P过的图就没法发。管理者希望此举能减少外貌焦虑给年轻人带来的负面影响。
挪威儿童与家庭事务管理局尤为担心侵入式的手术带来的伤害。
"It is especially important to counteract the desire to do more intrusive and long-lasting changes in one's own look," the Ministry said.
管理局表示:“遏制人们做出更多侵入性并产生长期容貌改变的欲望十分重要。”
有类似立法动作的国家不止这一个。
Other countries, including the United Kingdom and France, have enforced similar regulations.
包括英国和法国在内的其他国家也施行了类似的管理措施。
英国广告标准管理局今年二月就禁止了网红在广告内容中使用不真实的美颜滤镜/效果。法国的浪漫也没允许美颜滤镜的泛滥:
France announced a new law in 2017 that made it so any "commercial image that has been digitally altered to make a model look thinner will have a cigarette-packet style warning on it."
法国在2017年宣布了一项新的法律,规定任何“经过数字P图使模特看起来更瘦的商业图片上都会有烟盒式的警告”。
图源:搜狐
有趣的是,美国的相似法案没有获得通过。
The United States Congress introduced the Truth in Advertising Act in 2014, which was partially intended to protect consumers from negative body ideal messages, according to the University of Cincinatti Law Review, though the law did not pass.
据《辛辛那提大学法律评论》,美国国会在2014推出了《广告真实性法案》,部分意在保护消费者免受理想身体外形的负面影响,不过该法案未获通过。
业界,有社交软件直接禁用了“整形手术魔法效果”。
Instagram has banned 'plastic surgery' filters for the sake of people's mental health. Other filters enable you to also smooth your skin, make your cheekbones higher, get rid of a double chin, add freckles, change your eye color and more, with two taps.
Instagram考虑到人们的心理健康,禁用了“整形手术”魔法效果。其他的滤镜效果能让你只需轻触两下就能磨皮、调高颧骨、消除双下巴、添加雀斑、改变瞳色等。
这款效果能够让用户使用“增强现实”的技术来实时预览假体等填充物或者肉毒素在脸上的效果。伦敦的一位整形医生最近接受的咨询者都是拿着p图来的,以往用的更多的是明星照片。
"Patients used to bring in images of celebrities as a reference; now more and more patients show us retouched pictures of themselves as a guide to how they want to look," says Dr Jean-Louis Sebagh, a world-renowned cosmetic doctor with a clinic in London.
在伦敦开了一家诊所的世界知名整容医生让-路易斯·塞巴格博士称:“咨询者过去常把名人的照片拿来作为参考;现在,越来越多的人向我们展示他们自己的P过的照片,以此来展示他们想整成的样子。”
政界起草法律,业界设立行规,学界则有人提供了精炼的观点:
"Ads sell more than products. They sell values, they sell images, they sell concepts of love and sexuality, of success, and perhaps most important, of normalcy," said Jean Kilbourne, Doctor of Education from Boston University, "To a great extent, they tell us who we should be."
波士顿大学教育学博士让·基尔伯恩称:“广告不仅兜售产品,还兜售价值观,图像、关于爱的概念、关于性、关于成功、以及最重要的,关乎什么是‘正常’;很大程度上,广告是在灌输我们应该是什么样。”
用户也有用户的烦恼,有些原生相机自带美颜,关都关不掉。
My phone retouches my skin by default and it can't even be turned off completely.
我的手机默认设定就有美颜,而且甚至没法完全关掉。
法律针对的人——挪威网红们的意见却很多元,有人拥抱监管,也有人表示怀疑,认为此举治标不治本。
"To me, it seems more like a shortcut to fix a problem that won't really do any improvement," Eirin tells Newsbeat. "Mental health issues are caused by so much more than an edited photo, and another badge on advertiser's photos won't change how young girls and boys truly feel, in my opinion."
艾琳对Newsbeat表示:“对我来说,这个举措更像是一个偷懒的对策,这么做并不能真正起到任何改善作用,心理健康问题不仅仅是一张P过的照片造成的,在我看来,广告照片上多打上一个标记不会改变年轻女孩和男孩们的真实所感。”
最后,我们来回顾一下p图的双语表达:
磨皮:smoothing out skin
大眼:bloating eyes
瘦脸:squishing faces
祛斑祛痘:removing freckles and pimples
提颧骨:raising cheekbones
P图:photo editing
裁剪:cropping
饱和度调整:saturating
这里是中国日报双语新闻夜听双语,我是双语君。
晚安,好梦。
retouch [ˌriːˈtʌtʃ] v 修饰,修整(图片或照片等)
counteract [ˌkaʊntərˈækt] v 抵制;抵消;抵抗
bloat [bloʊt] v (使)膨胀,肿胀
squish [skwɪʃ] v (被)压坏,挤坏
编辑:陈月华
实习生:向静雅
来源:Insider; Glamour; Newsbeat
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