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形容词和副词比较级的用法和句型(副词及副词-形容词比较级的用法-详解)(1)

副词是用来说明动作或状态的特征,说明时间,地点,程度, 方式等概念。它用来修饰动词,形容词,副词,短语或者句子。

1) 简单副词:just, only, back

注意:有些简单副词和形容词同形

A near relation --- to come near

A fast car ---to drive fast

A kindly smile --- to speak kindly

A daily newspaper ---a daily published newspaper

2) 复合副词: somehow, somewhere, therefore

3) 派生副词:interesting – interestingly, easy – easily

注意

a.有些以-ly 结尾的词是形容词而不是副词:

Friendly, lively, lovely, lonely, likely, deadly, silly, orderly, timely

b.兼有两种形式的副词

Close closely

例句He is sitting close to me. vs. watch him closely

c.Free freely

例句

a)He can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.

b)You may speak freely; say what you like.

d.Hard hardly; late lately; most mostly; wide widely; high highly; deep deeply; near nearly

4) 几个特殊副词的用法

a.enough, too

enough 放在形容词和副词后;too 放在前面。

例句

a)She’ old enough to do some work.

b)She’s too old to do any work.

b.Too… to, enough to 动词

例句

a)I am too poor to afford such extravagance.

b)You are rich enough to keep a maid (女仆).

c.Very,much

Very 修饰形容词,副词;much (或very much) 修饰动词。

例句

a)He spoke very carefully.

b)It is much talked about these days.

d.Very 修饰原级形容词或副词,much 修饰比较级,最高级的形容词及副词

例句

a)Your work is very good.

b)This is much better.

c)This is much (by far) the best.

e.Already, yet, still

Already vs. yet

例句

a)I already like him.

b)He cannot drive yet.

c)Have you already seen him?

f.Still

例句I still like him.

注意:still 放在动词前后,有时句意不同。

例句

a)He is still standing. (Continue to stand)

b)He is standing still. (= standing motionless)

5) 比较级和最高级

比较级与最高级的形式变化

1) 规则变化

2) 不规则变化

3) As 副词原级 as

a.在否定句或疑问句中可用 so …as

例句He cannot run so/as fast as you.

b.用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时放在as 前

例句:

a)This room is twice as big as that one.

b)Your room is the same size as mine.

c.倍数 as adj. as = 倍数 the… of

例句:

a)This bridge is three times as long as that one.

= This bridge is three time the length of that one.

b)Your room is twice as large as mine.

= Your room is twice the size of mine.

c)Americans eat twice protein as much as they actually need every day.

d)After the new technique was introduced the factory produced twice as many tractors in 1988 as the year before.

4) 比较级副词 than

例句:

a)You are taller than I.

b)They lights in your room are brighter than those in mine.

注意: 要避免重复使用比较级

例句:

a)He is more cleverer than his brother. (错)

b)He is more clever than his brother. (对)

c)He is clever than his brother. (对)

5) 要避免将主语含在比较对象中。

例句:

a)China is larger than any country in Asia. (错)

b)China is larger than any other countries in Asia. (对)

6) 要注意对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则

例句:

a)The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.

b)It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.

7) 要注意定冠词在比较级中的使用。

比较:

例句

a)Which is larger, Canada or Australia?

Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?

b)She is taller than her two sisters.

She is the taller of the two sisters.

8) 可修饰比较级的词

A bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even 等。

9) 还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。

10)以上词(除 by far)外,必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。

例句

a)The experiment was much easier than we had expected.

b)If there were no examinations, we should have a much happier time at school.

11)The 最高级 比较范围

12)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the, 副词最高级前可不用。

例句:The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.

注意:形容词most 前面没有the, 不表示最高级的含义,只表示“非常”。

例句:It is a most important problem. = it is a very important problem.

13)使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。

例句:

a)Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. (错)

b)Tom is the tallest of the three brothers. (对)

14)修饰最高级的词,by far, far, much, mostly, almost

例句:This has is nearly/ almost the biggest.

注意

a.very 可修饰最高级,但位置与much 不同。

例句:

a)This is the very best.

b)This is much the best.

b.序数词通常只修饰最高级。

例句:Africa is the second largest continent.

15)最高级的意义有时可以用比较级表示出来。

a)Mike is the most intelligent in his class.

b)Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.

16)“否定词语 比较级”,“否定词语 so/as… as”结构也可以表示最高级含义。

例句:

a)Nothing is so easy as this.

b)Nothing is easier than this.

c)This is the easiest thing.

17)和more 有关的词组

a)The more … the more …

例句:The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.

b)More B than A = less A than B

例句:He is more lazy than slow at his work.

c)No more… than/ no less…than

例句:The officials could see no more than the Emperor.

例句:He is no less diligent than you.

d)More than

例句:She is more than kind to us all.

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