Unit2 English around the world-语法篇
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通过本节课的学习掌握直接引语变间接引语的用法（2）-请求与命令
直接引语与间接引语的用法（二）
直接引语是祈使句
当直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语要用“tell sb. (not) to do sth.”结构。
The teacher said to her mother , “Please give me the book.”
→The teacher told her mother to give her the book.
巧记：去掉引号要加to；ask，order须记住，直引若是否定式，not加在to前部。
转述祈使句时，要使祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上tell、ask、order等动词，如果祈使句为否定式，在不定式的前面加not。如果祈使句中有please一词,改为间接引语时，就将please去掉。成为：told (asked, ordered, warned)someone (not) to do something结构。
- He said, “Sit down, please.” 他说：“请坐。”
→He asked me to sit down. 他让我坐下。
- The teacher said, “Don’t talk in class! ” 老师说：“上课不要讲话！”
→The teacher told us not to talk in class!老师要我们上课不要讲话。
- The captain said to his men,“Fire! ”上尉对他的士兵们说“开火！”
→The captain ordered his men to fire. 上尉命令他的士兵们开火！
- The policeman said to the children, “Don’t play football in the middle of the street.”警察对孩子们说“别在马路中间踢足球。”
→The policeman warned the children not to play football in the middle of the street.
警察警告孩子们不要在马路中间踢足球。
在直接引语中变间接引语中指示代词、时间状语和地点状语要有些变化
指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化 见下表：
|
直接引语 |
间接引语 | |
|
指示代词 |
this/these |
that/those |
|
时间状语 |
now |
then |
|
today |
that day | |
|
tonight |
that night | |
|
this week (month…) |
that week (month…) | |
|
yesterday |
the day before | |
|
last week (month…) |
the week (month…)before | |
|
two weeks (month)ago |
two weeks (months)before | |
|
tomorrow |
the next day | |
|
next week (month…) |
the next week (month…) | |
|
地点状语 |
here |
there |
|
动 词 |
come |
go |
|
bring |
take |
1.He said, “I met Mr. Smith this morning.”他说：“我今天早晨见到史密斯了。”
He said that he had met Mr. Smith that morning. 他说他那天早晨见到史密斯了。
2.He said, “We went to the cinema yesterday.” 他说：“我们昨天去电影院了。”
He said they had gone to the cinema the day before. 他说前一天他们去电影院了。
3ly said, “I will come back next month.” 莉莉说：“我下个月回来。”
Lily said that she would go back the next month. 莉莉说她下一个月就回去。
4.He said, “It is nine o'clock now.”他说：“现在九点了。”
He said that it was nine o'clock then.他说那时九点了。
5.He said, “I haven't seen her today.”他说：“今天我没见到她。”
He said that he hadn't seen her that day .他说那天他没有见到她。
6.She said, “I went there yesterday.”她说：“昨天我去了那儿。”
She said that she had gone there the day before.她说前一天她去了那儿。
7.She said, “I'll go there tomorrow.”她说：“明天我将去那儿。”
She said that she would go there the next day.她说第二天她将去那儿。
8. He said, “My sister was here three days ago.”他说：“三天前我妹妹在这儿。”
He said that his sister had been there three days before.他说三天前他妹妹在那儿。
(here →there; ago→ before)
9.She said, “I will come here this evening.”她说：“今晚我将来这儿。”
She said that she would go there that evening.她说那晚她将去那儿。
（come →go；here →there；this →that）
以上这些变化,要根据说话的具体时间和具体地点的情况而定，不可机械照搬。如果就在当地转述，here就不必改为there, come也不必改为go,如果就在当天转述，yesterday或tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。直接引语中的一般过去时如与一个具体的过去时间状语连用，间接引语的一般过去时时态不变。
①Father said,“I am free this afternoon ”父亲说：“我今天下午有空。”
→Father said that he was free this afternoon. 父亲说他今天下午有空。
②He said, “I am going there tomorrow.”他说“我明天去那里。”
He said that he was going there tomorrow. 他说他明天去那里。
巧记: 当直接引语为陈述句，主句为过去时，变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是：
去掉引号加that，人称变化要灵活，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规定。
She said ,”My brother doesn’d want to go there.”
→She said that her brother didn’t want to come here.
例 1. -He said to his young sister, “You may come with me.”(改为间接引语)
-He told his young sister that ________with him.
A. you may come B. you might go C. she might come D. she might go
例 2. –He said, “I live here”.
–He said that he lived_____.
A. there B. here C.in there D.at there
例3.Mother said that _______would do all washing herself.
A. she B. her C. we D.I
例4(2015·北京).I truly believe ______beauty comes from within.
A. that B. where C. what D. why
例5(2014·天津) _______I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.
A. That B. Which C. Whether D. What
基础演练
一．单项选择。
( )1.（2015·安徽）A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ______ ships are built
A. what B. whom C. why D. when
( ) 2.( 2015·重庆)We must find out ____ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.
A. when B. how C. where D. why
( )3.（2015·四川）8.The exhibition tells us__________we should do something to stop air pollution.
A. where B. why C. what D. which
( )4.Yesterday she told me that she had met her aunt ___________.
A. for two years B. two years before C. two years ago D. before two years
( )5.The teacher told me that the light ______ faster than sound.
A. travels B. had traveled C. is traveling D. traveled
( )6. She said she ________ here soon.
A. will go B. would come C. will come D. would go
( )7. He asked me ______ I bought the dictionary. I told him that my brother gave it to me as a present.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
( )8. He _______ us to have another try.
A. warned B. hoped C. suggested D. asked
( )9. Mother said that _______ would do all washing herself.
A. she B. her C. I D. we
( )10. “_______ polite to the guests,” said my father.
A. Are B. Do be C. Should D. Please
( )11.He told me that she had met one of my old friends in the street ________.
A. the next day B. the following day C. the day before D. yesterday
( )12. I was told that the singer _______ in 1978.
A. was born B. had been born C. had born D. is born
巩固提高
二．将下列句子改为间接引语。
1. “Go to the front at once! ”the officer said to the soldiers.
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2.The teacher said to his class, “Don’t waste your time!”
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3.She said to her son, “Don’t forget to turn off the light when you leave the room!”
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4.His father said to him, “Think before you do it!”
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5.The teacher said to his students, “Tell briefly in your own words how penicillin was discovered.”
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一．单项选择。
1. He asked ________ for the computer.
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. →He asked me _______.
A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film
C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film
3. “Please close the window,” he said to me.
→He ______ me _____ the window.
A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked ; to close D. said to; please close
4. I am a teacher,” Jack said. →He said _________.
A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher
5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” →He _____- very naughty.
A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy is
C. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was
6. “You’ve already got well, haven’t you?” she asked. →She asked ________.
A. if I have already got well, hadn’t you B. whether I had already got well
C. have I already got well D. had I already got well.
一. 将直接引语变成间接引语
1. He said: “I’ve left my book in my room.”
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2. She said: “He will be busy.”
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3. She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”
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4. She asked, “Is this book yours or his?”
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5. The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?”
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6. The teacher said to the students, “Don’t waste your time.”
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7. The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”
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8. The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”
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9. My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”
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10. The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.”
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一．单项选择。
( )1. He asked , “Are you a Party member or a League member?”
→He asked me _________.
A. am I a Party member or a League member
B. was I a Party member or a League member
C. if I was a Party member or a League member D. whether was I a Party member or a League member.
( ) 2. He asked, “How are you getting along?” →He asked _______.
- how am I getting along B. how are you getting along
C. how was I getting along D. how I was getting along
( ) 3. He asked me ________ with me.
A. what was the matter B. what the mater was
C. what’s the matter D. what the matter is
( ) 4. He said, “Don’t do that again.”
He _____ me _______ that again.
A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; don’t do
C. told me; don’t do D. told me; not to do
( ) 5.Can you make sure ___________?
A. that he will come here today B. when he will come here today
C. will he come here today D. whether will he come here today
( ) 6. Excuse me, but can you tell me ___________?
A. where can I get to the library B. where I can get to the library
C. how can I get to the library D. how I can get to the library
( ) 7. John asked me _______to visit his uncle’s farm with him.
A. how would I like B. if or not would I like
C. whether I would like D. which I would like
( ) 8. “Please close the window,” he said to me.
→He ______ me _____ the window.
A.said to; to close B. asked; to close C. told to; closing D.said to; please close
( ) 9. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” →He _____very naughty.
A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy is
C. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was
( ) 10. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me.
→He asked me _______.
A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film
C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film
二．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
For the past weeks, Seoul, the capital of the Republic of Korea (ROK), had been swept with anger. Tens of thousands of people 1 by candlelight with banners, saying “Mad cow drives us mad.” About 1000,000 people filled the streets to 2 the government's beef import from the United States.
Several countries had 3 imports from America following a case of mad cow disease in 2003. But in April the ROK's government agreed to continue the 4 .
The protests soon grew into a 5 one against President Lee Myung-bak’s polices on everything from democracy to 6 reform.
Last December when Lee won the election he was thought by people in the country as a(n) 7 leader who could save the ROK from 8 economic growth and cold ties with the United States. Since taking office, Lee opened doors for foreign companies, and reformed the teaching of English. He also became the first leader to be invited to the US presidential retreat of Camp David. The night before his visit, he agreed to lift the ban on American beef to show his eagerness to 9 ties.
But this time, his people felt he had gone too far. “What he did was little different from an old Korean king offering tribute to a Chinese emperor, said Kim Spooky, who joined the protest with her two children. ”It’s 10 .
1. A. fought B. marched C. celebrated D. sang
2. A. protect B. support C. protest D. defend
3. A. stopped B. continued C. restricted D. controlled
4. A. exportation B. production C. importation D. sale
5. A. fiercer B. broader C. narrower D. stronger
6. A. laws B. customs C. trade D. education
7. A. wise B. violent C. cruel D. aggressive
8. A. steady B. proper C. healthy D. low
9. A. destroy B. rebuild C. break D. value
10. A. persuasive B. controversial C. ashamed D. impressive
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