在国际泳联游泳世锦赛上,孙杨面对质疑与挑衅,用实力证明了一切!

在已经结束的2017年国际泳联游泳世锦赛男子400米自由泳决赛中,孙杨更是夺得冠军!

实现了世锦赛该项目的三连冠!

孙杨霍顿新图来了(孙杨实力打脸霍顿)(1)

为了更熟悉游泳项目,今天,我们就来一波游泳的相关术语吧!

通用

游泳:swimming; natation

游程:course

短池比赛:short-course meet

短距离比赛:sprint; dash

中距离游泳:middle-distance swimming

长距离游泳:(long-)distance swimming

超长距离[马拉松式]游泳:ultradistance [marathon] swimming

渡峡游泳:channel swimming

冬泳:winter swimming

项目

10.游泳姿势:swimming stroke

11.爬泳:crawl(stroke)

12.美国式爬泳(六次打腿):American crawl

13.澳大利亚式爬泳(两次打腿):Australian [two-beat] crawl

14.自由泳:freestyle; free stroke

15.仰[背]泳:backstroke;back crawl

16.蛙泳:breaststroke

17.高航式蛙泳:high sail breaststroke

18.波浪式蛙泳:wave breaststroke

19.蝶泳:butterfly

20.海豚泳:dolphin

21.混合泳:medley stroke

22.个人混合泳:individual medley

23.接力游泳:relay

24.自由泳接力:freestyle relay

25.混合泳接力:medley relay

26.接力中的交接:relay change; take-over

27.侧泳:sidestroke

28.单臂出水侧游:northern stroke; overarm sidestroke

29.潜水运动:underwater sports

30.潜水:(skin) diving; underwater swimming

31.屏气潜泳:holding-breath diving; diving with bated breath

32.蹼泳:fin swimming

33.器泳:scuba swimming

人员

34.游泳运动员:swimmer

35.短距离游泳运动员:sprinter; dash man;dasher

36.长距离游泳运动员:distance swimmer

37.蝶泳运动员:butterfly swimmer; flyer

38.个人混合泳运动员:individual medleyist

39.全面的游泳运动员:all-round swimmer

40.潜水运动员:(skin)diver

41.蹼泳运动员:fin-swimmer

42.冬泳者:winter swimmer; polar bear

43.姿势裁判员:stroke judge

44.转身裁判员:turning judge

45.终点裁判员:finishing [placing] judge

46.记趟裁判员:lap counter

47.游程计算员:clerk of course

48.救生员:lifeguard; lifesaver; Rescuer

规则与裁判

49.分组赛:heat

50.出发信号:starting signal

51.各就位:Take your marks!

52.出发犯规:false [illegal] start

53.过早出发:beat the gun

54.重游:re-swim

55.回表:Clear watches.

56.转身犯规:illegal turn

57.趟:lap

58.分段:segment

59.成绩(以时间计算):time

60.分段成绩:split [lap] time

61.中间成绩:intermediate time

62.水温:water temperature

出发

63.出发姿势:starting position

64.立定出发:stationary start

65.抓台式出发:grab start

66.出发时的蹬腿:takeoff kick

67.出发跳水:starting dive [plunge]

68.跳入水中:take [plunge into] the water

69.入水浅的跳水:shallow[flat; surface] dive

转身

70.触池壁:touch

71.蹬壁:pushoff

72.转身:turn

73.水平转身:horizontal turn;feathering

74.平转身(仰泳):pivot turn

75.侧[拉边]转身:lateral turn; tumble-turn

76.滚翻:flip over

77.滚翻转身:flip-turn; somersault turn

78.半滚翻转身:semi-flip turn

臂部动作

79.臂部动作:arm movement

80.划水[臂]:(arm)pull; stroke; paddle

81.劈水动作(蛙泳):wedge action

82.划水动作效率:stroke efficiency

83.划水动作错误:stroke defect

84.划水幅度:distance per stroke

85.划水周期:arm cycle

86.划臂动作的力学原理:stroke mechanics

87.手入水:hand entry

88.入水臂:leading arm

89.手入水过深:digging

90.手伸得过远:overreaching

91.抱[抓]水:catch; grip; purchase

92.搅动水面:churn the surface

93.长划臂:long arm pull

94.直臂划水:straight arm stroke

95.屈臂划水:bent arm [elbow] pull

96.沉肘划水:dropped elbow pull

97.高提肘划水:over the barrel

98.向下压水:downward press

99.连续划臂动作:continuous strokes

100.反复划水:repeat pulls

101.快频率动作:racing stroke

102.两臂同时划水:double overarm

103.两臂交替划水:alternate arm [hand-over-hand] stroke

104.双臂仰泳:double overarm back-stroke

105.手臂交叉动作:scything arm action

106.鱼鳍式划水(仰卧并腿,两手身旁上下打水):finning

107.前交叉(一臂等待另一臂):catch-up stroke

108.特拉金式爬泳(两臂轮换出水,两腿剪水,单侧呼吸:trudge(o)n

109.曲线动作:circular motion

110.曲线摆动:circular swinging motion; circular wind-up

111.直线划水路线:straight through pull

112.半直线划水路线:modified straight line pull

113.钥匙洞形划水路线:keyhole pull

114.反问号形划水路线:inverted question mark pull

115.漏斗形划水路线:hourglass pull

116.双“S”形划水路线(蝶泳):double "S" pull

117.锯齿形[小“S”形]划水路线:zigzag pull

118.手臂出水:overarm;overhand

119.移臂:recovery of the arm

120.加快移臂或收腿动作:rushed recovery

121.两臂或两腿分开的距离:spread

122.手腿配合:arm-leg relationship

腿部动作

123.打[踢]水:kick

124.交替打腿:alternate[flutter] kick

125.交叉打腿:crossover kick

126.鱼尾式打腿:fishtail kick

127.剪式打腿:scissors kick

128.反剪式打腿:reverse scissors kick

129.快速打腿:sprinting kick

130.向上打腿:upbeat

131.向下打腿:downbeat

132.两次打腿:two-beat kick

133.两次交叉打水:two-beat crossover kick

134.直上直下打腿:kick up and down

135.直上直下两次打腿:straight two-beat kick

136.反复打腿:repeat kicks

137.划水一周的打腿次数:beats per stroke

138.仰泳打腿:back crawl kick

139.海豚式打腿:dolphin kick

140.蹬腿[水]:leg drive [push]

141.蛙泳蹬腿:breaststroke [frog;thrust] kick

142.蹬腿宽度:width of kick

143.窄蹬腿:narrow [whip] kick

144.宽蹬腿:wedge kick

145.向后蹬:kick backward

146.斜向蹬腿:diagonal thrust

147.两侧蹬腿:lateral thrust

148.两腿交替蹬水:bicycle pedaling

149.收腿:recovery of the leg

150.踩水:treading water

身体位置

151.身体中线:center[medium」line of the body

152.躯干位置:trunk position

153.身体平衡:body balance

154.浮力:buoyancy

155.浮出水面:surface

156.浮在水面:keep afloat

157.浸入水中:submerge

158.下沉:drop; sink

159.水面线(蛙泳中头的位置):waterline

160.俯卧姿势:face down; prone position

161.仰卧姿势:back floating position

162.俯卧漂游姿势:prone float

163.流线型姿势:streamlined position

164.低头:drop the head

165.弓背[身] :arch the back

166.时起时伏(在水中):ducking; undulation

167.滑行:glide

呼吸

168.呼吸:breathe; respire

169.呼气:breathe out; exhale

170.吸气:breathe in; inhale

171.闭[屏]气:hold one's breath

172.换气:change breath

173.呼吸控制:breath control

174.呼吸率:breathing rate

175.抬头(呼吸时):lift the head

176.早呼吸法:early breathing

177.晚吸气:late[delayed] breathing

178.正常呼吸法:normal breathing

179.有节奏的呼吸:rhythmical breathing

180.深呼吸:deep breathing

181.浅呼吸:shallow breathing

182.均匀呼吸:regular [even] breathing

183.爆发式吸气:explosive breathing

184.侧面呼吸:side breathing

185.两侧呼吸法:bilateral breathing

186.呼吸侧:breathing side

187.呼吸侧手臂:breathing arm

188.非呼吸侧:non-breathing side

189.非呼吸侧手臂:non-breathing arm

190.两次划臂呼吸法:two-stroke breathing

191.四次划臂呼吸法:four-stroke breathing

192.喘气:gasp; pant; out of breath

193.呼吸急促:broken winded

194.憋气:labored breathing

195.呼吸困难:respiratory difficulty

训练

196.入水前准备活动:pre-water exercise

197.水上准备活动:warm-up swimming

198.分段游:splits;broken swim

199.分段游组:broken set

200.年龄分组游泳:age-group swimming

201.短于主项距离的游泳:under-distance swimming

202.超主项距离的游泳:over-distance swimming

203.陆上练习:land drill [practice]

204.加速游:pick-up

205.等速游:even-pace swimming

206.中速游:moderate effort swimming

207.慢速长游:long easy swimming

208.变速游练习:alternating slow-fast set

209.速度忽高忽低:speed fluctuation

210.任意变速游:speed play; fartlek

211.后半程加速游:negative split

212.时停时进游:stop-and-go swimming

213.俯仰交替游:spinning swim

214.带游;速度诱导:pacemaking; pacesetting

215.反复游:repeat swim

216.等速反复游:straight set of repeats

217.减距反复游:decreasing-distance repeats

218.逐个加快反复游组:progressive sets

219.综合反复游组:mixed set of repeats

220.逐个减慢反复游组:regressive set

221.逐个加快和逐个减慢交替游组:alternating progressive-regressive set

222.耐力游:endurance swimming

223.强度游:effort swim

224.放松游:easy [loosening-down] swim

225.恢复性游:wake-up swim

226.循环游法:circle swimming pattern

227.梯形游:locomotive; pyramid

228.阶梯增进:staircase

229.冲刺练习:sprint work

230.训练呼吸的冲刺:wind sprint

231.间歇训练:interval training

232.快游间歇训练:fast interval training

233.慢游间歇训练:slow interval training

234.全力计时游:all-out time trial

235.游量:swimming load

236.水的压力:water pressure

237.迎面阻力:frontal[head-on]resistance

238.身后旋涡阻力:eddy resistance; tail suction

239.水感:feel of the water

救生

240.救护站:lifesaving station

241.救生对象(指溺者):subject

242.拖带(溺者):carry

243.胸前拖带:cross-chest carry

244.扣颈拖带:neck carry

245.托头拖带:head carry

246.托下颏拖带:chin carry

247.抓发拖带:hair carry

248.人工呼吸:artificial respiration; rescue breathing

249.嘴对嘴人工呼吸:mouth-to-mouth resuscitation

250.救活:resuscitate

场地与器材

251.游泳池:(swimming) pool;bath; tank

252.短池:short course

253.室内游泳馆:indoor pool; natatorium

254.露天游泳池:open-air swimming pool

255.有看台的游泳场:swimming stadium

256.深水池: deep pool; swimmers' pool

257.浅水池:non-swimmers' pool

258.儿童池:wading pool

259.泳道:lane

260.分道线:lane [course]rope

261.池端:end wall

262.深端:deep end

263.浅端:shallow end

264.出发池端:starting edge

265.出发台:starting block [platform]

266.出发握手器:starting bar [grip]

267.终点池端:finish end

268.池端目标标志线:target line

269.转身标志线:turn indicator

270.触板:touch board [panel]

271.电子计时触板:electronic timing pad

272.长的一边:length side

273.扶手:handrail

274.池边地面:deck

275.池缘:curb; deck edge

276.水槽:gutter

277.逆泳槽:swimmer's treadmill

278.池底:floor; bottom

279.池底标志线:bottom line

280.浮标:buoy; float

281.浮具:buoying device

282.水下观察窗:underwater viewing window

283.水下影片:underwater movie

284.氯化器:chlorinator

285.游泳衣:swimsuit; swimming suit

286.游泳裤:trunks; bathing slips

287.套身游泳服:full-body swimwear

288.“鳖鱼皮”游泳服:Fastskin swimsuit

289.游泳帽:swim cap

290.浴衣:bathing suit; bath-wrap; gown

291.游泳护目镜:swim goggles

292.脚蹼:fins; flippers

293.手蹼:webbed gloves

294.潜水面罩:face plate

295.潜水护目镜:lunettes

296.护鼻塞:nose guard

297.潜泳面罩:diving [face] mask

298.通气[呼吸]管:snorkel

299.潜水呼吸器;水肺:aqualung

300.自携式水下呼吸器:scuba(self-contained underwater breathing apparatus)

301.套口:aqualung mouthpiece; snorkel tube

302.打水板:flutter[kick」board

303.水板:paddle

304.救生圈:life buoy

305.救生衣:life jacket

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