拇指英语说，分享英语学习心得，技巧和方法。让英语学习变得更有趣，更简单。
在英语学习中，词汇量的大小是衡量英语水平的重要标志。通常词汇量越大，运用英语的能力就越强，反之亦然。许多英语偏弱的学生将词汇的学习与记忆比作“拦路虎”，以至谈虎色变，毫无信心。因此，有意识地学习词汇策略将可以帮助学生更科学，高效，简单地积累大量词汇，从而达到事半功倍的效果。本词汇积累策略系列，将会从近义词(synonyms)，反义词(antonyms)，前缀(prefixes)，后缀(suffixes)，同音异义词(homophones)等角度来探讨词汇的学习和积累。本系列，适合小学中高年级及初中学生学习。
The Root Word plic: 词根 graph/ graphy
词根graph，这个词根来自希腊语，本意就是“刻”，在某个东西的表面上留下刻痕。古人没有笔，都是通过刻的方式来记录信息，所以这个词根又引申为写，画。它既是个动词词根，又是个名词词根，表示文字、图画，写下的东西。
比如单词autograph，前面的auto表示“自己，亲自”，后面的graph表示写。合起来就是亲自去写，特指亲自去写自己的名字也就是亲笔签名。
词根graphy也可以表示写，或者表示对某一主题的研究。以上这二个词根都可以和不少的前缀及后缀组合成新的单词。
下面我们首先来看看下面方框中的词干。请大家在这些词干后加上词根graph 或者graphy来构成新的单词。然后将这些单词和下面的英语解释配对。
- the life momoirs of a person, written by that person _________
- a short section of a text, made up of two or more sentences, that deals with the same idea throughout ___________
- a written account, such as a book or scholarly pamphlet, on a particular and usually limited subject __________
- the study of the characteristics of human populations, for example: size, growth, density, distribution, and vital statistics _________
- the art and science of making maps or navigational charts _________
- an image of an object, person, or landscape recorded digitally or on special film or paper ____________
- an instrument for automatically detecting and recording the duration, intensity, and direction of an earthquake _________
- a list of writings related to a given subject, or referenced within a particular written work _________
- the art of creating and arranging dance sequences ____________
10 a written account of a person's life ____________
Keys:
- autobiography 自传
- paragraph 段落
- monograph 专题著作，专题论文
- demography 人口统计学
- cartography 地图制作
- photograph 照片
- seismograph 地震仪
- bibliography （某一专题或作家的）参考书目
- choreography 编舞艺术
10biography 传记，个人简介
Note: 注意点
词干 para 和 mono 后只能加 词根 graph。
词干 photo, seismo 和 choreo 后即可以加词根graph, 也可以加 graphy。
词干 biblio, bio, carto, autobio 和 demo 后只能加词根graphy。
接下来，请大家用以上所学到的单词来完成下面的句子。注意填入单词的形式。
- The standard academic essay in English is made up of at least five _______.
- Many pop stars work with _________, who create original dances and develop new dance moves for them.
- It's important to include a(n) _________, citing all referenced works, as part of your research project.
- In order to write someone's ________, you have to conduct an extensive amount of research on them.
- As Della was a well-known chef, her ________ contained numerous recipes along with her memoirs.
- Jun believes that living in Tokyo and experiencing numerous earthquakes as a young child inspired him to become a(n) ___________.
- Though Annelise originally studied color ____________, she recently learned more about using black and white film and now works primarily in that medium.
- Sebastian has been unable to find much published material on his chosen field of study except for an old ____________ in the reference library.
- Anybody who studies _________ trends will know that the continual dramatic increase in global population is creating a huge strain on the environment.
10. Hyun Suk hopes that by getting a bachelor's degree in geography, he will eventually be able to enter the field of ___________.
Keys:
- paragraphs; 2. choreographers; 3. bibliography; 4. biography; 5. autobiography; 6. seismographer; 7. photography; 8. monograph; 9. demographic; 10. cartography
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