四十度高温天气真热
幸好无训着狂按快门
反正老人家开心就好
粤剧
粤剧，又称“广东大戏”或者“大戏”，广东传统戏曲之一，源自南戏，流行于岭南地区等粤人聚居地。自明朝嘉靖年间开始在广东、广西出现，是糅合唱念做打、乐师配乐、戏台服饰、抽象形体的表演艺术。粤剧每一个行当都有各自独特的服饰打扮。
粤剧名列于2006年5月20日公布的第一批518项国家级非物质文化遗产名录之内。2009年9月30日，粤剧获联合国教科文组织肯定，列入世界非物质文化遗产名录。（百度）
Cantonese opera
Cantonese opera, also known as "Guangdong drama" or "big drama", one of the traditional operas in Guangdong, originated from the South Opera, popular in the Lingnan area and other Cantonese settlements. Since the Ming Dynasty, Jiajing began to appear in Guangdong and Guangxi. It is a performance art that sings and plays, music, music, and abstract forms. Every Cantonese opera has its own unique costumes.
The Cantonese opera is listed in the first batch of 518 national intangible cultural heritage lists published on May 20, 2006. On September 30, 2009, Cantonese Opera was recognized by UNESCO and included in the World Intangible Cultural Heritage List.
唱腔清朝初期，外江班把戈阳腔及昆山腔传入广东。到了太平天国时期，本地班逐渐出现，但唱腔仍以梆子为主。后来随着昆曲衰落及受徽班影响，转为以西皮二黄为基础唱调。辛亥革命时期，志士班将戏棚官话改为白话，又称为新腔。抗战时期，不断有著名老倌冒起，各自钻研粤剧并发展自己的唱腔。
In the early Qing Dynasty, the Waijiang class introduced the Goyang cavity and the Kunshan cavity into Guangdong. During the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, local classes gradually appeared, but the vocals were still dominated by scorpions. Later, with the decline of Kunqu and the influence of the Hui class, it was converted to the xipi based on the xipi. During the Revolution of 1911, the Zhishi class changed the Mandarin language into a vernacular, also known as the new cavity. During the Anti-Japanese War, there were always famous old men who started to study Cantonese opera and develop their own singing.
究竟粤人（本地人）参加戏剧演出活动是何时开始呢？郭秉箴先生在《粤剧古今谈》一文中认为：最早见于明朝归有光编写的《庄渠遗书》，其中记录了明代正德十六年钦差魏校的谕民文告，内有“倡优隶卒之家，子弟不许妄送杜学。”“不许造唱淫曲，搬演历代帝王，讪谤古今，违者拿问”等语。郭秉箴先生认为这是广东有戏剧演出活动的最早记载，认为通过谕民文示可以反证，说明在明正德年间便有本地人参加演剧，即在距今四百多年前，广东就有演剧活动。这无疑是一个超前的发现，可是，在佛山石湾《太原霍氏族谱》内发现了比上述更超前的一个反证。即在正德年间再上溯两个皇帝的成化年间，便有佛山本地人参加戏剧演出。该族谱有如下的记载：“一年之景，元宵之灯酒，三月三之扮饰，五月五之龙舟，七月七之演戏，世俗相尚，难于禁革。……三月三扮饰，好事者，大众赁人衣服，借人首饰，或雨致湿，或造成损破，用价赔偿，此事何益。……七月七之演戏，良家子弟不宜学习其事。虽学会唱曲，与人观看，便是小辈之流，失之大体……后之子孙，遵吾明嘱。”这段霍氏仲房七世祖晚节翁家箴是写于明成化十七年（即公元一四八一年），比正德十六年（在《粤剧古今谈》一文内误为公元一五一二年，正确应为一五二一年）应提早四十年。况且，从该族谱所载：“七月七之演戏，世俗相尚”之言来分析，可以说，早在公元一四八一年前，即距今五百多年前，佛山人早就“世俗相尚”参加戏剧演出活动（百度）
When did the Cantonese (local) participation in the theatrical performances begin? In the article "Cantonese Opera Ancient and Modern Talks", Mr. Guo Bingzhen believes that the earliest known "Zhuangqu suicide note" written by the dynasty of the Ming dynasty recorded the slogan of the Wei Dynasty in the 16th year of Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty. The family, the children are not allowed to send Du Xue." "Do not allow to sing sorrow, relocate the emperors of the past, smash the ancient and modern, offenders ask". Mr. Guo Bingzhen believes that this is the earliest record of drama performances in Guangdong. He believes that it can be counter-proven by the people's literature, indicating that local people participated in the drama during the Ming Zhengde years, that is, in Guangdong more than 400 years ago, there will be performances in Guangdong. Drama activities. This is undoubtedly an advanced discovery. However, in the "Taiyuan Huo Family Tree" of Foshan, Foshan, a counter-proof is found that is more advanced than the above. That is to say, during the Chengzhi years of the two emperors during the Zhengde period, Foshan locals participated in theatrical performances. The genealogy has the following records: "The scenery of the year, the Lantern Festival wine, the March 3 decoration, the May 5th dragon boat, the July 7 acting, the secular, still difficult to ban.... March 3 Dress up, good things, the public to rent clothes, borrow jewelry, or rain to get wet, or cause damage, price compensation, this matter. ... July 7 acting, good children should not learn about it. Learn to sing songs, watch with people, it is the stream of juniors, the general body of the loss... the descendants of the family, follow the Ming dynasty." This section of the Huo’s ancestral home of the seventh generation of the ancestors was written in Ming Chenghua for seventeen years (ie AD) In 1481, it was sixteen years earlier than Zhengde (in the "Cantonese Opera, Ancient and Modern Talks", it was mistaken for the year 1512, the correct should be 1521). Moreover, from the analysis of the words of "The Act of July 7th, the Secularity is Still", it can be said that as early as 1847, that is, more than 500 years ago, Foshan people have long been "Secularism is still" to participate in theatrical performances
化妆早期流行浓脂厚粉，但是所用化妆品比较简单。小生不抹胭脂，最多是划黑少许眼眉毛，花旦只是涂上粉末。根据行内习惯，所有老倌都是自行照著镜子化妆。一般旧式化妆是先拉起脸部皮肤，用布条扎著头发，用白色颜料画了个底稿，确定线条对称公正，然后才正式填上其他鲜艳颜色。
对于净角（例如张郃）的化妆，行内称呼为“开面”。先用白色颜料描画底稿，在眼睛及口部附近涂上黑色，把眉毛画得长长并向上翘来表现威严，在其他的地方涂上红色，就完成整个“开面”过程。当然不同行当就有其独特的化妆方式。丑角常有一个大白点在脸的中央。其实化妆颜色以红、黑、白、蓝、黄为主。红色代表血性忠勇，黑色代表刚耿忠直，白色代表奸恶阴险，蓝色代表狂妄凶猛，黄色代表剽悍干练
The early stage of makeup is thick and thick, but the cosmetics used are relatively simple. The niche does not wipe the rouge, at most, it is black and a little eyebrows, and the flower is only coated with powder. According to the habits of the industry, all the old ladies are making their own makeup in the mirror. Generally, the old-style makeup is to first pull up the skin of the face, tie the hair with a cloth strip, draw a manuscript with white paint, determine the line is symmetrical, and then officially fill in other bright colors.
For the makeup of the net angle (for example, Zhang Wei), the line is called "open face". First draw the manuscript with white paint, apply black on the eyes and mouth, draw the eyebrows long and up to show the majesty, and paint red in other places to complete the entire "open face" process. Of course, different lines have their own unique makeup methods. The harlequin often has a big white spot in the middle of the face. In fact, the makeup color is mainly red, black, white, blue and yellow. Red stands for bloody bravery, black stands for loyalty, white stands for sinister sin, blue stands for arrogance, and yellow stands for savvy
唱念做打粤剧演员的表演工艺分为四大基本类别－唱、做、念、打。
唱是指唱功，配合不同的角色有各自不同演唱的方式，包括平喉及子喉。平喉是平常说话的声调，一般男性角色小生就是采用平喉演出。子喉是比平喉调子高了八度，常常以假音来扮演女性角色。除了以音阶来分类，也会以声音特色来分类。大喉是使用粗犷声音。同时，粤剧也会吸收不同的地方的独特唱腔，例如来自福建的广东南音、木鱼、广东的本地民谣粤讴及板眼。
The performance techniques of singing and playing Cantonese opera actors are divided into four basic categories - singing, doing, reading, and playing.
Singing refers to singing, and different roles have different ways of singing, including flat throat and throat. The flat throat is the tone of ordinary speech. In general, the male character is a flat-throat performance. The subthroat is eight degrees higher than the flat throat, and often plays a female role with a false sound. In addition to classification by scale, they are also classified by sound characteristics. The big throat is a rough sound. At the same time, Cantonese opera will also absorb the unique vocals of different places, such as Guangdong Nanyin, Muyu from Fujian, local Cantonese folk songs and eye-catching in Guangdong.
做是指做功，又称身段，即身体表演。当中包括手势、台步、走位、关目、做手、身段、水袖、翎子功、须功、水发、抽象表演和传统功架。
念是指念白，即念出台词。用说话交代情节、人物的思想感情。（百度）
Doing refers to doing work, also known as body, that is, physical performance. Among them are gestures, steps, walking, closing, hands, body, sleeves, scorpion, qigong, water, abstract performance and traditional power.
Reading refers to reading the white, that is, reading the lines. Use words to explain the plot, the thoughts and feelings of the characters.
打是指武打，例如：舞水袖、水发、玩扇子、武刀弄枪、耍棍挥棒，舞动旗帜等等。）百度）
Playing refers to martial arts, such as: dancing sleeves, water, playing with fans, knives, guns, sticks, dancing flags, and so on.
基本所有花旦都需要头饰，其中片子石是花旦必用的。头饰种类繁多，用料各有不同。公主及贵妃配戴的头饰也有正凤和凤冠之分。上片子需要特殊的用具、基本手法及技巧，并利用片子改善面型及令片子牢固面部的技巧。
其实男角亦有头饰配戴的，但不多，如太子盔之类。红楼梦中贾宝玉及洛神中的曹子建所配戴的便是太子盔。根据《香江梨园：粤剧文武生罗家英》，太子盔又名“紫金冠”，为太子或年轻将领作用的。冠顶作云龙吞珠图纹，加上大红球缨，插上雉鸡尾的则是军中的主将。（百度）
Basically all the flowers need a headwear, and the film stone is a must for flowers. There are a wide variety of headwear and different materials. The headgear worn by the princess and the chateau also has the distinction of Zhengfeng and Fengguan. The film requires special tools, basic techniques and techniques, and uses the film to improve the face and make the film a firm face.
In fact, the male horn also has a headgear to wear, but not many, such as the helmet of the Prince. In the Dream of Red Mansions, Jia Baoyu and Cao Zijian in Luo Shen were wearing the helmet of Prince. According to "Xiangjiang Liyuan: Cantonese Opera Wenwusheng Luo Jiaying", the Prince Helmet is also known as the "Purple Golden Crown", which is used by the Prince or the young general. The top of the crown is the dragon and the swallowing pattern, plus the big red ball, and the cockroach is the main player in the army. (Baidu)
获得荣誉粤剧名列于2006年5月20日公布的第一批518项国家级非物质文化遗产名录之内。2009年10月2日，由广东，香港和澳门联合申报，粤剧成功成为世界非物质文化遗产。
The honorary Cantonese opera was listed in the first batch of 518 national intangible cultural heritage lists published on May 20, 2006. On October 2, 2009, Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao jointly declared that Cantonese opera has successfully become a world intangible cultural heritage.
吴杰雄 | 奥地利超级摄影大赛2017-2018多张图片入选 WUJIEXIONG | Multiple photography of the Turnerenberg Austrian Super Ciruit 2017-2018 contest has been selected .
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