Those first few weeks and months of college can have you feeling like you're flying by the seat of your pants.，我来为大家科普一下关于专业选择以及以后的路?以下内容希望对你有帮助!
专业选择以及以后的路
Those first few weeks and months of college can have you feeling like you're flying by the seat of your pants.
在大学的头几个星期和几个月里，你会觉得自己在靠直觉行事。
You're meeting new people, learning about new things, discovering new fields you didn't know existed.
你认识了新的人，学习了新的东西，发现了你以前不知道的新领域。
Like did you know computational archaeology is a thing?
比如，之前你知道计算考古学吗？
There are people out there using computers and maps to learn about archaeology. It's wild.
有人用电脑和地图来学习考古学。这很特别。
And there are new activities and clubs and sporting events to go to and passions to discover.
还有新的活动、俱乐部和体育赛事等着你去参加，也有激情等着你去发现。
But through all that, we're also earning degrees and setting up what we want to do in our next careers.
但通过所有这些经历，我们也在获得学位，并确定我们想在未来的职业生涯中做什么。
Hi, I'm Erica Brozovsky and this is Crash Course: How to College, a Study Hall series presented in partnership with Arizona State University.
大家好，我是埃里卡·布罗佐夫斯基，这里是“Crash Course：大学怎么上”系列课程，这是与亚利桑那州立大学合作推出的 Study Hall 系列节目。
So, let's push beyond majors and talk about focusing our studies even more.
所以，让我们超越专业，更专注于我们的学习。
For some of us, college is one thing we're tackling on a long list of priorities; and for others, it might be the first time we're really fully out on our own.
对我们中的一些人来说，大学是我们在一长串优先事项清单上要处理的一件事；对其他人来说，这可能是我们第一次真正独立。
Either way, one of the trickiest decisions you have to make is how and where to spend your time.
不管怎样，你必须做出的最棘手的决定之一是如何以及在哪里花费你的时间。
A big part of this is time management or planning how to divide our time between all the different things we need to do.
其中很大一部分是时间管理或计划如何在我们需要做的所有不同事情之间分配我们的时间。
For a lot of people, time management might look like sticking to a to-do list, using time efficiently and planning study time in advance — something we all have to do on the Crash Course team.
对很多人来说，时间管理可能看起来像坚持完成待办事项清单，有效地利用时间，提前计划学习时间——这是我们在 Crash Course 团队中都必须做的事情。
Some schedules are more demanding than others, whether because the content is especially challenging, or just because the classes we need are offered at wildly different times of day.
有些课程安排比其他的要求更高，无论是因为内容特别具有挑战性，还是因为我们需要上的课程开在了一天中很特殊的时间。
And if we have a degree where we're expected to take classes in a specific sequence, that can be its own challenge.
如果我们的学位要求我们按照特定的顺序上课，这本身就是一个挑战。
But, we can plan for all of these things.
但是，我们可以为所有这些事情做计划。
Let's think first in terms of our obligations outside of school.
让我们先想想我们在学校之外的义务。
Whether that means planning around the time it takes to commute, or leaving time for appointments that can't be moved.
这是否意味着计划好通勤所需的时间，或者为无法更改的预约留出时间？
Once we have a good idea of what limitations are being placed on our schedule from outside sources, we can see how the available courses fit the schedule we have.
一旦我们很好地了解了外部资源对我们时间表的限制，我们就可以看到可学习的课程该如何适应我们的时间表。
Another way to figure out if a schedule is doable is to think in terms of credit hours, which is a way of measuring the hours a student should expect to spend on a course in a week.
另一种确定时间表是否可行的方法是考虑学分时数，这是一种衡量学生一周应该花在一门课程上的时间的方法。
One credit hour is equal to one hour inside a classroom and two hours outside the classroom, completing assignments or studying.
1学时等于1小时的课堂内和2小时的课堂外学习时长，要用来完成作业或学习。
So a course that is three credits will expect you to spend three hours in the classroom in another six hours studying outside it.
所以对于一门有三个学分的课程，你就需要在教室里学习三个小时，然后在课外学习六个小时。
Yes, that's nine hours for one class every week.
是的，为了这节课，你每周需要付出9个小时的时间。
If you're in a trade school or in certain degree programs that require hands-on training, credit hours can also include internships, which are roughly 160 hours a semester.
如果你在一所职业学校或参加需要动手训练的学位课程，学分还可以包括实习时长，大约每学期160个小时。
Sometimes, your schedule and the course schedule just won't work.
有时候你的时间表和课程表根本不管用。
When that happens, you have some options.
当这种情况发生时，你还有一些其他的选择。
Like, you may be able to take an online class from a partner college.
比如，你可以参加合作大学的在线课程。
Your advisor will have more information about what particular options your school has for the situation.
你的导师会有更多关于你的学校在这种情况下有什么特别的选择的信息。
But don't worry, it's something a ton of people encounter.
但别担心，很多人都会遇到这种情况。
And that's something we can keep in mind when choosing classes.
这是我们在选课时可以牢记的要点。
Like, I took two difficult language classes at once, so I made sure that the rest of my courses that semester weren't as demanding.
比如，我同时上了两门比较难的语言课，我就要确保那个学期的其他课程要求不那么高。
If this sounds like a lot, never fear.
如果这听起来很复杂，不要害怕。
When it comes to your college schedule, the single greatest resource a student has is an academic advisor — a faculty member trained to help students with academic planning.
当涉及到你的大学时间安排表时，一个学生拥有的唯一最大的资源是学术顾问——一个受过培训的教师，可以帮助学生制定学术计划。
Sometimes, an advisor may be assigned to you by your school or by your major's department.
有时，你的学校或专业院系会给你指派一位学术顾问。
There may also be special advisors for some programs such as business, pre-med, or pre-law.
一些项目也可能有特别顾问，如商业、医学预科或法律预科。
If you're not sure who your academic advisor is or how to find one, ask someone at your admissions office to connect you.
如果你不确定你的学术顾问是谁或该如何找到，就去请招生办公室的人帮你联系。
An advisor can help you understand your school's requirements, like, how many credit hours you need to graduate, or what type of courses you need to take to get your degree.
顾问可以帮助你了解学校的要求，比如，你需要多少学分才能毕业，或者你需要参加什么类型的课程才能获得学位。
And it can be hard to keep track of everything you've done and what you still have left.
记录你做过的每件事和你还剩下什么需要做是很难的。
So advisors can provide you with a checklist or a map for your major or program, it may even be able to show you a degree audit.
所以学术顾问可以为你提供你的专业或项目的清单或地图，它甚至可以向你展示学位审核。
Or a report that lists your GPA, the classes you have completed, and what requirements still lie ahead.
或者给你一份报告，列出你的 GPA、你已经完成的课程，以及未来的要求。
Advisors know a lot, but you can also seek at mentorship and advising on your own by talking with your professors and instructors, and in particular, attending their office hours.
顾问知道很多信息，但你也可以通过与你的教授和导师交谈，特别是利用他们的专任教师办公时间，来寻求指导和建议。
These are times professors reserve to answer questions from their students about homework, class topics, or the course as a whole.
在这段时间里，教授会回答学生关于家庭作业、课堂主题或整个课程的问题。
But, they can also provide advice on declaring a college major, pursuing certain careers, and choosing classes.
但是，他们也可以提供关于说明大学专业、追求某些职业和选择课程的建议。
And attending office hours doesn't necessarily mean you have to be in the same space as your instructor.
利用专任教师办公时间并不一定意味着你必须和你的老师在同一个地方。
Especially over the past two years, many professors have switched to flexible office hours that can occur in person on the phone or over video.
特别是在过去两年里，许多教授转向了灵活的办公时间安排，可以通过电话或视频面对面交流。
Really, we cannot recommend going to office hours strongly enough.
真的，我们强烈建议你利用好他们的办公时间。
These are times you can get personalized help and build connections by really getting to know your instructors as people.
这些时候你可以得到个性化的帮助，并通过真正了解你的导师来建立联系。
But, if you're not able to attend a professor's office hours that they usually list on the syllabus or advertise on their office door, you can also email professors to make an appointment.
但是，如果你无法利用教授的办公时间，他们通常会在教学大纲上列出信息，或在他们办公室门上贴一些公告，你也可以给教授发邮件预约。
I've never had an instructor who isn't willing to try and make time for their students.
我从来没有遇到过不愿意为学生留出时间的老师。
The relationships you build now with your professors can really be lifelong connections and even mentorships.
你现在与你的教授建立的关系可以是终生的联系，甚至是终生的师徒往来。
For me, going to office hours helped me build a relationship with a professor who eventually offered me a research assistant position after college, and ultimately became my PHD advisor and incredibly influential over my linguistics career.
对我来说，利用办公时间帮助我与一位教授建立了联系，这位教授最终在大学毕业后为我提供了研究助理的职位，并最终成为了我的博士导师，对我的语言学生涯产生了难以置信的影响。
Thanks, Lars.
谢谢，拉尔斯。
None of us has all the answers and we can't do this whole college thing alone.
我们谁都不知道所有问题的答案，我们也没办法一个人处理好大学的这些事。
Meeting with advisors of any type will likely become a common experience.
与任何类型的顾问会面都可能成为一种常见的经历。
In fact, it's best to meet with an academic advisor once per semester at least.
事实上，最好至少每学期见一次学术顾问。
But we get it, meeting with an advisor or professor might feel a bit intimidating, but with a little planning, you can feel prepared to get the most out of each session.
但我们知道，与顾问或教授会面可能会感觉有点吓人，但只要有一点计划，你就可以准备好从每次会议中获得最大的收获。
Let's go to the thought bubble.
让我们进入思想泡泡。
Aiden is a first-year student at complexly community college.
艾登是一所复合型社区大学的一年级学生。
They need to register for classes, but they're not sure which ones they should take for this term.
他们需要注册课程，但他们不确定这学期应该选哪些课程。
After asking their RA for advice, they set up a meeting with their academic advisor to make sure all of their questions are answered.
在向他们的 RA（research assistantship，助研）征求意见后，他们与他们的学术顾问举行了一次会议，以确保他们的所有问题都得到了回答。
Before their meeting, Aiden reads through the school's course schedule, which lists all of the courses that will be offered, which professors will be teaching them, what times they will meet, some information about what requirements they satisfy, and a short description.
在见面之前，艾登浏览了学校的课程表，上面列出了所有将开设的课程、课程教授、上课时间，以及他们将满足什么要求的一些信息和简短的描述。
At the meeting, Aiden's first question is how to satisfy their degree requirements.
在会议上，艾登的第一个问题是如何满足他们的学位要求。
Agent's advisor helps them figure out which classes count for general education requirements, which we talked about in the last episode.
艾登的顾问会帮助他们确定哪些课程符合通识教育要求，这是我们在上一集讨论过的。
Their advisor also suggests that they take a math and a writing course early on, because these courses help develop foundational skills that are useful in many other subjects.
他们的导师还建议他们尽早参加数学和写作课程，因为这些课程有助于培养对许多其他学科有用的基础技能。
Aiden has already declared their major, so they may also ask their advisor which major requirements are important to complete early and which ones may present challenges.
艾登已经决定了所学专业，所以他们也可能会问他们的导师哪些专业要求很重要，需要尽早完成，哪些可能会带来挑战。
Some courses are very difficult even for students who are majoring in that subject.
有些课程非常困难，即使对于以其作为主修学科的学生来说也是如此。
For example, organic chemistry is often considered a difficult course even for chemistry majors.
例如，有机化学通常被认为是一门很难的课程，即使是对于化学专业的学生来说。
These courses deserve plenty of space, and your advisor can help guide you that you don't end up feeling unprepared or falling behind.
这些课程应该有足够的空间，你的导师可以帮助你，让你不会感到毫无准备或落后于其他人。
Thanks, thought bubble!
谢了，思想泡泡！
Before you meet with your advisor, you may want to write down some questions that are important to you so you get the most out of your time.
在你和你的导师见面之前，你可能想要写下一些对你来说很重要的问题，这样你就能充分利用你的时间。
If you're not sure what questions you even have, that's okay.
如果你不确定自己有什么问题，也没关系。
Saying, I don't know what to ask or what to do is perfectly acceptable.
比如，就说“我不知道该问什么”或“该做什么”也是完全可以的。
Your advisor is there to help ease your stress, not add to it.
你的导师会帮助你缓解压力，而不是增加压力。
You should feel free to share that a certain class, professor, or idea excited you.
你可以随意分享某个让你兴奋的课程、教授或想法。
Your advisor may say: "I know about a few internships that might help you explore that", or "Have you considered a minor in this field?" The best way to find out about new opportunities is to express yourself and ask.
你的导师可能会说：“我知道一些实习机会可以帮助你探索这个领域”，或者“你考虑过在这个领域进行辅修吗？”找到新机会的最好方法是表达自己和提问。
Last, you may already have some goals in mind, so it's best to share those with your advisor and make a plan.
最后，你可能已经有了一些目标，所以最好与你的导师分享这些目标，并制定一个计划。
They can help you determine how feasible those goals are and find a way to achieve them.
它们可以帮助你确定这些目标的可行性，并找到实现它们的方法。
For example, if you want to study abroad, you can ask your advisor if they know of any study abroad programs that would fit well with your interests or your major.
例如，如果你想出国留学，你可以问你的导师，他们是否知道什么留学项目适合你的兴趣或你的专业。
By having conversations about your interests and aspirations, your advisor can help you weigh the pros and cons of various paths.
通过谈论你的兴趣和愿望，你的导师可以帮助你权衡各种道路的利弊。
It might be too difficult to study abroad during one semester, but with a little planning, you may find another time slot that works much better.
在一个学期内出国学习可能太难了，但只要有了一点计划，你就可能会找到另一个更好的时间段。
As we have more conversations with professors and advisors, we may discover new concepts or projects that pique our interest.
随着我们与教授和顾问的对话越来越多，我们可能会发现能引起我们兴趣的新概念或项目。
Stay with that feeling.
保持这种感觉。
College offers many options for students to specialize their studies in interesting ways.
大学为学生提供了许多选择，让他们以有趣的方式进行专业的学习研究。
Specializing can help you develop skills that are attractive to employers, and can also help you find a career path that hadn't occurred to you before.
专业化可以帮助你培养对雇主有吸引力的技能，也可以帮助你找到一条你以前从未想过的职业道路。
One way to specialize is to take a course that pairs well with your major but is in a slightly different area.
一种专业化的方法是选择一门能与你的专业进行很好配对的课程，但它是在稍微不同的另一个领域。
In our last episode, we discussed the college major, the overarching theme or structure of your coursework in college.
在上一集中，我们讨论了大学专业、大学课程的总体主题或结构。
It's also possible to add a second major or a minor, which is a series of courses that let you focus on a certain subject more than one-off courses allow you to, but less than doing the full major.
你也可以增加一个第二专业或辅修专业，这是一系列的课程，让你专注于某一门学科，比一次性课程多，但比完整的专业课程少。
When deciding what other majors or minors to add, we might decide a pairing is a good fit, because it helps you gain an advantage on the job market.
在决定要添加什么专业或选择辅修专业时，我们可能会认为专业配对是一个很好的选择，因为它可以帮助你在就业市场上获得优势。
Like, marketing majors might want to take some courses in data science or graphic design, so that they can learn to evaluate the design of an ad or even create their own.
比如，营销专业的学生可能想要学习一些数据科学或平面设计的课程，这样他们就可以学习评估广告的设计，甚至创建自己的广告。
Or, nursing students might want to take foreign language courses, because their patients may speak another language.
或者，护理专业的学生可能想要学习外语课程，因为他们的病人可能会说另一种语言。
Students who attend a culinary school may want to take some business courses if they want to enter the job market with a solid understanding of how to manage and grow a restaurant.
如果想在进入就业市场时对如何管理和发展一家餐厅有扎实的了解，就读烹饪学校的学生可能会想学习一些商业课程。
Other times, major or minor pairings might just be to explore your interests and develop new skills.
其他时候，主要或次要的配对可能只是为了探索你的兴趣和发展新的技能。
There's nothing wrong with learning about whatever you're interested in, and it might surprise you when you learn that this interest could be a valuable tool.
学习你感兴趣的东西没有什么错，当你知道这种兴趣可能是一个有价值的工具时，你就可能会感到十分惊讶了。
But coursework isn't the only way to explore your interests and specialize.
但选修课程并不是探索兴趣和专业的唯一方式。
Another way to specialize is to seek out hands-on experience in the form of research or internships.
另一种帮助你进行专业化的方法是通过研究或实习的形式寻求实践经验。
You always have the option to ask your advisor what skills are in high demand in your field.
你可以选择问问你的导师，你所在的领域有哪些高需求的技能。
Specializations are useful, because they can give you an edge when starting a career.
专业知识很有用，因为它们可以给你在开始职业生涯时带来优势。
But they also help you become a well-rounded person.
但它们也能帮助你成为一个全面发展的人。
It really is all about finding the right balance.
关键是要找到正确的平衡。
We learn at a young age what things make us curious and what things we enjoy doing.
我们在很小的时候就知道什么事情让我们好奇，什么事情是我们喜欢做的。
But in college, we finally get the opportunity to develop these interests into full-fledged skill sets and areas of expertise.
但在大学里，我们终于有机会将这些兴趣发展成成熟的技能和专业领域。
And once we have a consistent baseline of healthy study habits, we're able to focus on gaining unique skills so that we can grow our passions and make the most of our time in college.
一旦我们有了健康的学习习惯，我们就能够专注于获得独特的技能，这样我们就可以培养我们的激情，充分利用我们在大学的时间。
Thanks for watching this episode of Crash Course: How to College.
感谢收看本期 Crash Course：大学怎么上。
This series is part of an expanded program called Study Hall.
这个系列是一个名为 Study Hall 的扩展项目的一部分。
Crash Course has partnered with Arizona State University to launch Study Hall on its own channel.
Crash Course 与亚利桑那州立大学合作，在自己的频道上推出了 Study Hall 项目。
Check out youtube. com/studyhall where you'll find more tips about navigating college, choosing a major, plus foundational courses connected to college credit courses that students struggle with most within their first two years.
查看 youtube.com/studyhall，你会发现更多关于上大学、选择专业的建议，以及与大学学分课程相关的基础课程，这些课程是学生在前两年最头疼的。
Hope to see you over there!
我们希望在那里见到你！
,
