前面写了《before和until主从句中的使用和区别》推荐不多,感觉可能是说的深奥了,没看懂,哈哈,
所以,今天,把容易弄混的这几个词,拿来在重新推敲一下,
首先,我们先从汉语词语出发,
by 时间时,英文给出的解释是:before or at,即不迟于某个时间。
说话人,关心的是这个时间点,
如:
He had finished his work by 3 o'clock.
3点前,他就完成工作了,
before 时间,在……之前;
说话人,关心的before以前这段时间,而不是before表示的那个时间,重在陈述以前的事实;
He sent his application form before the end of May.
他在五月底前寄了申请表。(五月底前的某个时间)
对比下面这句汉语的意思;
He had sent his application form by the end of May.
他已在五月底寄出申请表。(五月底那个时间)
而until 时间,直到……才;
说话人,重在表明前后两个事件,到了这个时间点,时间之前和之后是截然相反的二种状态,注重事件的转折;
如:
She lived in the house until he came back.
她在那所房子里一直住,直到他回来。
从这可以看出,by、before及until可以从说话人想要表达的意思的侧重点来区别使用。
下面我们简单重温一下before和until这两个 时间的使用时的区别:
1、谓语为 瞬间动词时,
1)肯定式 的用before。
如:
He fell asleep before I could take off his clothes.
他在我脱掉他衣服之前睡着了。
2)否定式 的用before或until均可,且意义相同。
Susan didn't go to bed until/before she finished her homework.
Susan不完成家庭作业不睡觉。
2、谓语为 延续动词时,
肯定的,否定的 都可以用before也可以用until,但说话重点不同,
如:
否定的:
We didn't discuss the problem until he came back.
我们一直等他回来才开始讨论问题。(强调)
We didn't discuss the problem before he came back.
他回来前,我们不讨论问题。(陈述)
肯定的:
John sat up watching TV before his father came back.
他爸爸回来前,John在看电视。(陈述)
John sat up watching TV until his father came back.
John一直在看电视,直到他爸爸回来。(强调变化)
所以,总的来看,before的重在陈述事情,而until重在强调变化。
然后,我们再来看看till和until的区别使用,
两个常可互用,until要比till要正式、书面些,而且until表达的感情要强烈些,另外,如果在句首时,一般用until。
如:
Not until 2019 did he come back.
直到2019年他才回来.
Until then, I knew nothing at all about it.
在那之前,我对此一无所知.
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