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Hello. I’m Neil.
大家好。我是尼尔。
Hello. I’m Dan. Neil, aren’t you going to say the ’welcome to 6 Minute English’ bit?
大家好，我是丹。尼尔，你不是要说“欢迎来到六分钟英语”吗？
Hmmm maybe. How’s your mood today, Dan? Feeling happy?
额，或许吧。你今天心情怎么样，丹？觉得开心吗？
Oh, yes, very happy. I’ve just had lunch. What about you?
噢，是的，非常开心。我刚吃完午饭。你呢？
Well, to be honest, I haven’t had the chance to eat yet and it’s making me a bit grumpy.
好吧，老实说，到现在我还没机会去吃午饭，而且那让我有一点暴躁。
Why haven’t you eaten?
为什么你还没有吃饭？
Well, I was doing some research for today’s topic, which is all about feeling angry when you are hungry. You know what I’m talking about?
好吧，我当时正在做一些关于今天节目主题的调查，都是关于当你饥饿的时候的愤怒感。你知道我在说什么吗？
Oh, yes, we’re talking about being ‘hangry’. It’s quite a new word, isn’t it? A combination of ‘hungry’ and ‘angry’.
噢，是的，我们正在谈论“饿怒”。它是一个非常新颖的单词，不是吗？将“饥饿”和“愤怒”组合起来。
Yes, hangry is our topic. But before we learn more about it, here’s today’s quiz. English has quite a few words, which are made by joining two different words together like ‘hangry’, for example: brunch, motel, Brexit. What do we call these words? Are they… a) Suitcase words b) Portmanteau words, or c) Backpack words ?
是的，饿怒是我们今天节目的主题。但是在我们了解更多之前，先看一下今天的问题。英语中有许多像“饿怒”这样由两个不同单词合成的词，例如：早午餐，汽车旅馆，脱欧。我们把这些单词叫什么？a) Suitcase words b) Portmanteau words, 还是 c) Backpack words
Well, I think I know this one, so I’ll keep the answer to myself, don’t want to give away any spoilers. What I do want to know is if hanger is a real thing or is it just something that’s been made up by grumpy people, like you?
好吧，我想我知道答案，所以我会保留答案，不想给出任何剧透。我确实想知道的是饿怒是真实的事物还是说它仅仅是一些像你一样暴躁的人编造出来的某事物？
Let’s hear from Sophie Medlin, who is a lecturer in nutrition and dietetics at King’s College London.Is hangar a real thing and where does the word come from?
让我们听一下索菲•梅德林是怎么说的，她是伦敦大学国王学院的一位营养膳食讲师。饿怒是真实的事物吗？这个词来自哪里？
We’ve long recognised that hunger leads to irritability in science. But the wonderful world of social media has merged the two words for us and now we know it as hanger.
在科学领域，我们在很长时间里认为饥饿会导致易怒情绪。但是社交媒体丰富的世界为我们将两个词合并在一起，现在形成“饿怒”这个单词被我们所了解。
So, is hangar a real thing and where does she say the word comes from?
所以，饿怒是真实的事物吗？还有她称那类词来自哪里？
According to Medlin it is a real thing. She says that science has recognised that hunger leads to irritability. Irritability is a noun, which means being easily annoyed, not in a good mood.
据梅德琳称饿怒是真实的事物。她说科学已经认定饥饿会导致易怒情绪。易怒是一个名词，指的是容易被惹恼，情绪不佳。
And she says that it was the wonderful world of social media that joined the two words together. She used the verb - merge. Merge, meaning join together.
并且她说是社交媒体丰富的世界将这两个词合并在一起。她用到“合并”这个动词。合并，指的是结合在一起。
I know social media is responsible for many things, but the word hangry actually appeared in the 1990s, so a little before the arrival of social media. But it’s certainly true that social media has made it more prominent.
我知道社交媒体是造成一些事情的原因，但是“饿怒”这个词在20世纪90年代出现，所以说比社交媒体出现得早一点。但是毋庸置疑，社交媒体让“饿怒”这个词更突出。
Me, right now, hashtag hangry! Let’s listen to that clip again.
我，现在，疯狂饥饿！让我们再听一遍那个片段。
We’ve long recognised that hunger leads to irritability in science. But the wonderful world of social media has merged the two words for us and now we know it as hanger.
在科学领域，我们在很长时间里认为饥饿会导致易怒情绪。但是社交媒体丰富的世界为我们将两个词合并在一起，现在形成“饿怒”这个单词被我们所了解。
So now we know that hanger is a real thing, let’s learn a bit more about it. Why does it happen? Why do we get angry when we are hungry? Here’s Sophie Medlin again.
所以现在我们知道饿怒是一种真实的事物。让我们多了解一些关于它的内容。为什么会产生这种情绪？为什么当我们饥饿时会愤怒？再听一下索菲•梅德林是怎么说的。
As the blood sugars drop, we increase our cortisol and adrenalin – so our kind of fight or flighthormones.And those have an impact on our brain.And the neuropeptides,the things that control our brain, the chemicals in our brain,the ones the trigger for hunger are the same ones that trigger for anger and also for rage and impulsive type behaviours.So that’s why you get that sort of same response.
随着体内糖类减少，我们体内的皮质醇和肾上腺素增加——我们体内的一种“战逃反应”激素。并且它们对我们大脑有所影响。神经肽是我们大脑中控制大脑的化学成分，触发饥饿的神经肽和触发愤怒还有盛怒以及冲动行为的神经肽相同。所以那就是为什么你会有同种反应。
So it’s all to do with blood sugar, isn’t it?
所以这一切都是和血糖有关，是吗？
Yep, it seems so. When we are hungry, the level of sugar in our blood is lower.And this causes an increase in particular hormones. Hormones are the chemicals we make in our bodies that control certain biological and psychological functions.
是的，看起来是那样。当我们愤怒的时候，我们血糖会降低。而这会导致一种特殊激素上升。激素是我们机体产生的控制特定生理及心理活动的化学成分。
The hormones released when we are hungry are the same as our fight or flight hormones. They are the hormones that the body uses to prepare us to either fight or run away from a dangerous situation.
我们饥饿时释放的激素和“战逃反应”激素相同。它们是机体用来决定我们在危险状况下是战还是逃的激素。
When these hormones are increased, it can cause anger and rage. Rage is another word for being very angry.
当这些激素上升时，它会引起人们的愤怒和盛怒。盛怒是描述非常愤怒的另一个词。
And when we are angry we can behave impulsively. Impulsive behaviour is when we do things without thinking, without considering the consequences.
并且当我们愤怒时，我们会行为冲动。冲动行为是指我们做事不经思考，不思后果。
So when we are hungry, the same emotions can run through us. We can be angry and make poor decisions.And that is hanger.
所以当我们饥饿时，我们会有相同的情绪。我们会愤怒并且做出糟糕的决定。那就是饿怒。
Which brings us nicely to our quiz question. What do we call words, like ’hanger’, that are made by joining two different words together? Now you said you knew the answer Dan?
它很好地将我们带到了今天的测试问题。我们把这些像“饿怒”这样由两个不同单词组合在一起的单词叫什么？你说你知道答案的，丹。
I did!
我说过。
What was it?
是什么？
Portmanteau words.
合成词。
And you are absolutely correct. The answer is portmanteau words. Congratulations if you knew that.
你完全正确。答案是合成词。恭喜你早就知道答案。
I did.
我确实知道答案。
Alright then smarty pants. No need to boast!
好吧，自作聪明的人。不要吹嘘！
I can see that you’re still a bit hangry, Neil.
我可以看出你仍有一点饿怒，尼尔。
Yes, I’m hungry and that is making me angry! But I think I can hold on to get through a review of the rest of today’s vocabulary.
是的，我很饿，而且那让我愤怒。但是我想我能撑得住回顾今天的词汇。
Well, we also had the noun - irritability, meaning getting annoyed very easily, just like…
好的，我们还学习了名词“易怒”，指的是非常容易被惹恼，就像……
Don’t, just don’t. Or I might just merge my fist with your face.
不，不要。否则我或许会让我的拳头和你的脸合在一起。
Ouch. Yes, merge meaning join different things together. I can see your fight or flight hormones are kicking in. Those chemicals in the body that prepare us for aggression or escape.
哎呦。是的，合并指的是将不同的事物组合在一起。我能看到你的“战逃反应”激素正在作用。那些机体内的化学成分决定我们是进攻还是逃跑。
I haven’t quite reached rage yet. This was another of our words - rage, and it means a state of being very, very angry.
我还没达到盛怒的状态。那是我们的另一个单词——盛怒，并且它指的是非常，非常愤怒。
Our last word was ’impulsive’. This is an adjective to describe when we do things without really thinking about them. We just do them without any control and without thinking about the consequences.
我们最后一个单词是“冲动的”。它是一个形容词，用来形容我们做事时未经真正思考。我们只是不受控，不思后果做事。
Now I’m off, I’m starving.I’ve got to eat before I do something impulsive. That is it for this programme. Thank you for joining us and goodbye.
现在我解放了，我快饿死了。我必须在我做出冲动的事情前吃饭。以上就是今天的节目。感谢你的参与，再见。
Byebye!
拜拜！
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