SPSS统计分析（八）探索性分析
SPSS Statistical Analysis (8) Exploratory Analysis
探索分析是一种在对资料的性质、分布特点等完全不清楚的情况下，对变量进行更深入研究的描述性统计方法。
Exploratory analysis is a descriptive statistical method that conducts more in-depth research on variables when the nature and distribution characteristics of the data are completely unclear.
探索性分析提供了很多关于数据的概括分析和图标直观描述的方法，不仅对个案数据有效，而且可以针对分组个案。在输出常用描述性统计量的基础之上，探索性分析增加了有关数据详细分布特征的文字和图形描述，如茎叶图、箱图等，更加详细、完整，还可以提供正态分布检验和方差齐性检验，有助于用户制定进一步分析的方案。
Exploratory analysis provides many methods for generalized analysis and graphical representation of data, not only for case data, but also for grouped cases. On the basis of outputting common descriptive statistics, exploratory analysis adds text and graphic descriptions about the detailed distribution characteristics of the data, such as stem-and-leaf plots, box plots, etc., which are more detailed and complete, and can also provide normal distribution test and The homogeneity of variance test helps users formulate plans for further analysis.
探索分析：
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（1） 菜单选择：“分析->描述统计->探索”，打开“探索”对话框，如图所示进行设置。
(1) Menu selection: "Analyze->Descriptive Statistics->Explore", open the "Explore" dialog box, and set as shown in the figure.
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（2） “统计”选择：确定探索性分析结果中将要输出的统计量。
(2) "Statistics" selection: determine the statistics to be output in the exploratory analysis results.
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（3） “图…”选择：用于确定探索性分析输出的统计图形。
(3) "Plot..." selection: Statistical graphics used to determine the output of the exploratory analysis.
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（4） “选项”选择：用于确定分析过程中对缺失值的处理方式。
"Option" selection: It is used to determine how to deal with missing values in the analysis process.
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（5） 运行结果及分析：
(5) Operation results and analysis:
1. 个案数据摘要
Case Data Summary
2. 描述性统计量表
Descriptive Statistics Tables
3. M均值估计表
M-Means Estimation Table
4. 正态性检验表
Normality test table
5. 箱图
Boxplots
6. 标准Q-Q图
Standard Q-Q Chart
参考资料：百度百科，《SPSS 23统计分析实用教程》
翻译：谷歌翻译
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