初中英语 宾语补足语详解，我来为大家科普一下关于中考宾语考点?以下内容希望对你有帮助!
中考宾语考点
初中英语 宾语补足语详解
对于英语补足语，很多同学知道这个语法，但是不够熟悉，每次做题的时候，很多同学在这发面出错，今天我想把这个语法知识清楚的讲给大家：
一.动词宾语补足语：
1、定义： 补充说明宾语，使句子意义完整的句子成分。如果缺少这个补足语,这个句子意义表达不够完整.比如:
This news made me happy. 分析：me 是made 这个动词的宾语，happy是对“me” 做补充说明，让我 怎么样？让我很高兴， “很高兴”是对我的补充说明，但是如果没有“happy”,这个句子就不通了，不知道什么意思了，the news make me .这个句子意思根本不知道要表达什么了。总之来说，补足语是对宾语进行补充说明，是句子意义完整不可缺少的成分。
2、句子结构：vt. 宾语 宾补。 句子结构比较简单，大家知道弄清楚，主语，谓语动词，宾语，宾补各个成分就好了。
For example: I found him in trouble .
主语是：I, 谓语是：found , 宾语是:him , 宾语补足语是in trouble ,介词短语做宾补。
另外宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，等会在各个例子中具体说明
3、弄清楚了句子结构，我们现在要知道那些词可以充当宾语补足语的成分。
(1). 名词：
We made him our monitor. They thought this good advice.
They named their daughter Jenny.
【考点】任命某人一个独一无二的职务，职务前面不加冠词。例如：
He was made captain. They elected him monitor.
Obama was made president. They elected John chairman of the committee.
分析：our monitor 是him 的宾语补足语，有逻辑上的主谓关系：he is monitor .
They named their daughter Jenny. Jenny 是their daughter的宾语补足语，their daughter 和Jenny 有逻辑上的主谓关系: their daughter is Jenny.
(2). 形容词：
You should keep your room clean and tidy.
We’d better leave the door open.
分析：这个句子的宾语是your room , clean and tidy是对your room 补充说明，两者之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，your soom is clean and tidy . the door is open . 所以是形容词，不能是副词。既然是形容词，所以要注意形容词的比较级的考点。
比如：we should make our classroom cleaner than before .
(3). 介词短语
He left his bag in the office. We found ourselves in the middle of a desert.
分析：his bag 与in the office 有逻辑上的主谓关系.his bag is in the office .
we are in the middle of a desert .
(4). 副词
He opened the window to let the fresh air in. I saw him out with his father the day before yesterday.
分析：in 和out 和宾语都有逻辑上的主谓关系.
(5). 现在分词：
I’m sorry to have you waiting for so long. I could feel the cold wind blowing on my face.
I hear him singing in the room . I see him playing in the river .
分析:现在分词做宾补一般表示动作正在进行. he is singing in the room . he is playing in the river. 这一点一定要清楚.
(7). 不定式 或 省略 to 的不定式（秃头不定式）
My mother allowed me to play games for a while. Can you make your car park over there?
【考点】
(1).使用不定式作宾语补足语时， “五看（see, watch, notice, observe, look at） 三使（make, let, have） 两听（listen to, hear）一感觉（feel）” 后接秃头不定式。
不定式做宾补,表示这个不定式的动作,已经发生了,或者是反复发生或者经常发生.
I see him go past the post office .他已经经过了，不是正在经过。
I often see a old man walk in the park .a old man 是经常在公园散步，是经常发生，反复发生的。
(2）一般情况下，宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后。值得注意的是：think, find, consider, feel, make, take等动词应使用先行it代替宾语，it后面应接宾补，而将真正的宾语移到句子的后部（形式宾语）。
I felt it necessary to speak about our shortcomings.
I think it very important to attend this meeting.
三、常跟宾语补足语的动词：
（1）感官动词(feel, hear, listen to, notice, observe, see, watch, look at)所接的宾补可以是不带to的动词不定式，也可以是现在分词或过去分词。 I saw him cross/crossing the road.
=> He was seen to cross the road.
但句子变为被动语态时，不定式的to要还原。
（2）使役动词，所接的宾补多为动词不定式或过去分词。如：let, have, get, make, would like, want等。
This makes people know the importance of protecting the environment.
If you are back, will you please make yourself known to me?
（3）含命名意义的动词，所接的宾补一般是名词。如：call, name, appoint, elect, make, consider等。
Call me Joe, please. She was elected president of the company.
（4）vt. sb. to do sth. 结构中的动词，所接的宾补一般是不定式。
这类动词有：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, force, get, help, inspire, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, teach, tell, train, urge, want, warn, wish, report等。
（5）find, keep, leave 等几个词的用法非常灵活.
We found it very difficult to solve the problem. How can you keep them waiting for so long?
四、 作宾语补足语的几种说明：
（1）help后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以带to也可以不带to。
I often help my mother(to) do some housework.
（2）在使役动词后作宾语补足语，不定式不带to。有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to，这些动词有： 一感二听三让四观看。
(一感feel二听hear, listen to三让let, have, make 四观看observe, see, watch, look at )
转为被动语态时，其后通常都用带to的不定式 (have没有被动语态)。
What would you have me do? She made him give up smoking. Let him do whatever he wishes to do.
Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister.
（3）在表示心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语（consider, think, believe, discover, find, imagine, judge, suppose, prove）
这类动词后的不定式通常是"to be 形容词或名词"结构，think, consider, find后的to be常可省略。
We consider him (to be) a good teacher. He proved that theory (to be) very important.
I thought her (to be) nice and honest the first time I met her.
（4）在表示情感状态的动词后作宾语补足语。
这类动词有：love, like, prefer, hate, want, wish, expect等。
I'd prefer you to leave him alone.
I don't want there to be any trouble.
（5）hope, demand, suggest等动词后面不能接不定式作宾语补足语。
I hope you can give me a hand.
I wish you to give me a hand.
He required us to be present at the meeting.
Mr Li suggested that she should not go there alone.
五.介词后面的宾语补足语的情况.
我们知道,在英语里有宾语的,不仅有动词,还有介词,介词后面同样也可以有宾语补足语的成分,
作为考点,介词后接宾补一般都是with,
1.with＋名词＋形容词：
Before he came here,my father used to sleep with his eyes open.我父亲来这儿之前,常常睁着眼睛睡觉.（注意：with不能用while来替换.）（表示伴随情况）
He loves to read book with windows open.
分析：his eyes, window 都是with的宾语，open都是对宾语补充说明的，是什么状态呢？开着的。
2.with＋名词＋副词：常用的副词是：in,on,over,out等.
如：He was standing there with nothing on.他一丝不挂地站在那里.（表示伴随情况.）
We went home with our work over.我们工作做完就回家了.（表示时间.）
3.with＋名词＋介词短语：
如：The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand.= The teacher came into the classroom,book in hand.老师手里拿着本书走进了教室.（表示伴随情况.）
The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.士兵让他背向着父亲站着.（表示行为方式.）
4.with＋名词＋过去分词：
如：He stood for an instant with his hand still raised.他站了一刹那,他的手仍然举着.（raised与with的宾语hand有逻辑上的动宾关系.）
I will have to buy a new one with my glasses broken.（broken与with的宾语glasses有逻辑上的动宾关系.）
5.with＋名词＋现在分词：
如：The English class ended with all singing an English song.英语课以全体合唱一首英语歌而结束.（singing与with的宾语all有逻辑上的主谓关系.）
6.with＋名词＋不定式：
如：With something important to talk about with you,you must stay here.由于有很重要的事情和你商量,你必须留下.（表示原因.）
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