英语沙塔
本文节选自《经济学人》2019.02.16期Finance & economics中的一篇比尔·盖茨因不满公益基金发展而“生气”的一篇文章
本文共节选四段，建议大家先自主阅读原文，再学习精读笔记。
文末会总结此次学习写作可以使用的词句，读者也可自己总结。会定期将内容进行总结，做成word分享，希望大家也能坚持学习
1
Getting killed in a video game, receiving unfair treatment from a teacher, seeing a relative go to jail: the teenagers taking part in Chicago’s Becoming a Man (BAM) initiative admit to a variety of frustrations, some trivial, some tragic, that can stir their anger. The initiative, which teaches young men how to regulate their emotions, aims to lower crime rates and improve graduation rates. Recently one BAM group invited an unusual guest into their counselling circle: Bill Gates, the second-richest man in the world. So what pushes his buttons?
- taking part in：加入，参与，同义词还有participate in【写作推荐】同义互换
- a variety of：各种各样的
- stir：激起某种情绪 stir one’s anger触怒某人。触怒某人的表达还有step on one's toes 字面意思上是踩在了某人的脚趾上，比较容易理解记忆【写作推荐】词汇积累
- regulate their emotions：regulate one’s emotion调节某人的情绪，同义的表达还有【写作推荐】同义互换
- regulate the mood
- adjust the mood
- 另外与情绪相关的表达还有 control your temper 控制你的脾气； lighten the mood 放松心情
- aims to：旨在，目标是
- lower：“降低”。降低犯罪率的名词：crime reduction，所以相同的表达还有reduce crime rates
- pushes his buttons：触怒、冒犯某人to deliberately say something in order to make someone angry or upset。Push可以替换成press，press someone’s buttons【写作推荐】俗语积累
游戏中被击杀，受到老师的不公平对待，看到一个亲戚进了监狱：那些加入芝加哥“成为一个男人”活动的年轻人们承认自己有各种各样懊恼的事，一些细枝末节，一些是悲剧性的，这些都可以触怒她们。这项活动教育年轻人如何调节情绪，旨在降低犯罪率和提高毕业率。最近，一个BAM小组邀请了一位不寻常的客人来到他们的咨询圈内：比尔盖茨，世界上第二富有的人。是什么让他暴怒的呢？
2
Mr Gates answers that question in his latest annual letter, written with his wife Melinda, describing the work of the $50bn charitable foundation they oversee. He admits to being “pretty harsh” with his parents as a child and “tough” on people at Microsoft. He also remembers“getting mad” at a meeting when he learned that polio cases were increasing.
- charitable foundation：慈善基金
- being pretty harsh with someone：对某人相当苛刻
- being tough on someone：对某人强硬
- getting mad：发怒
Gates 先生在他最新的年度信中回答了这个问题，他的妻子Melinda也在信中描述了他们监管的500亿美金慈善基金的成果。他承认自己作为孩子，对父母“相当苛刻”，在微软对其他人也很强硬。他也记得在一次会议上，知悉小儿麻痹症病理增多后“发怒”
3
In his first letter ten years ago, Mr Gates argued that a “maniacal focus on drawing in the best talent and measuring results” would make a difference in the foundation’s fields of interest: global health, development and American education. In health, he feels vindicated. The progress in research, vaccine delivery and statistical monitoring to which they have contributed is “moremiraculous than the digital revolution,” Mr Gates says.
- argued that……：认为……，that引导宾语从句。学人中表达这个意思的同义词还有 think that；believe that；reckon that，都有“认为”的意思【写作推荐】同义互换
- drawing in：draw sb in/draw in sb使某人参与，吸引。这里是吸引有才华的年轻人加入【写作推荐】词汇积累
- make a difference：有意义，有影响
- fields of interest：感兴趣的领域
- vindicated：证明……清白无罪
- miraculous：奇迹般的，不可思议的 它的名词形式是miracle“奇迹”
十年前Gates先生在他的第一封年度信中认为：将重点放在吸引最优秀的人才和测量数据，对慈善基金感兴趣的领域有重大影响，如全球健康、发展和美国教育。在健康方面，他感到自己是无罪的。Gates说道：他们对研究、疫苗运输和数据监控的进步作出的贡献比数字革命更不可思议。
4
But in education, results are less striking: test scores have been harder to budge. Even in health,the eradication of polio has proven maddeningly elusive. In 2003 he thought the disease wouldbe gone in a couple of years. But it lingers.
- striking：引人注目的，显著的
- budge：to make sth/sb move slightly 使轻微移动。这里指的是成绩轻微地改变，从上下文来看，应当是轻微提升
- the eradication of something：根除……。如某种疾病的根除，the eradication of smallpox根除天花。【写作推荐】词汇积累
- 动词原形eradicate，根除（完全消灭），尤其是一些不好的东西，如疾病，污染等
- eliminate也是消除，消灭的意思，不过并不是完全消除，这是两者的区别
- polio：Poliomyelitis小儿麻痹症
- proven maddeningly elusive：【写作推荐】词义精准解析运用
- Prove在这里是“是”的意思。sth prove dangerous或sth prove to be dangerous意为you discover that it is dangerous over a period of time，即“后来被发现时，最终发现是危险的”。同义词为turn out to be
- Elusive：difficult to find, define or achieve. 难以找到的；难以解释的；难以达到的。这里即最后一个意思，根除小儿麻痹症是难以实现的。例如A solution to the problem of toxic waste if proving elusive有毒废料问题被最终证明是难以解决的
- Maddeningly：其形容词为maddening令人恼怒的。副词形式修饰elusive，说明难以实现的结果令人气恼。翻译的时候可不必特意翻译出来。
- be gone：消失。
- lingers：to continue to exist for longer than expected存在的时间比预期的还长【写作推荐】词义精准解析运用
但是在教育方面，结果就没那么惊人了：考试成绩越来越难提升。甚至在健康方面，根除小儿麻痹症，最终发现也是难以实现的。2003年，他认为这个疾病在未来几年内就会消失，但事实并非如此。
总结
本文关于情绪的表达
情绪的起因，因为有人……
- being pretty harsh with someone：对某人相当苛刻
- being tough on someone：对某人强硬
情绪的结果：发怒
- getting mad：发怒 get mad at someone对某人生气
- stir：激起某种情绪 stir one’s anger触怒某人。触怒某人的表达还有step on one's toes 字面意思上是踩在了某人的脚趾上，比较容易理解记忆【写作推荐】词汇积累
- pushes his buttons：触怒、冒犯某人to deliberately say something in order to make someone angry or upset。Push可以替换成press，press someone’s buttons【写作推荐】俗语积累
控制改善：学会自我调节
- regulate their emotions：regulate one’s emotion调节某人的情绪，同义的表达还有【写作推荐】同义互换
- regulate the mood
- adjust the mood
- 另外与情绪相关的表达还有 control your temper 控制你的脾气； lighten the mood 放松心情
本文表示令人惊叹的形容词总结
- miraculous：奇迹般的，不可思议的 它的名词形式是miracle“奇迹”
- striking：引人注目的，显著的
