Chapter 6 Down house
第六章 唐恩小筑
Charles was busy with his work, but he often felt lonely. Charles wanted to find someone to share his life. Of all the girls he knew, the one he liked best was his cousin, Emma Wedgwood. Emma ' s father was his uncle, Josiah Wedgwood, who had helped convince Charles's father to let him go around the world on the Beagle. Charles asked Emma to marry him. To his delight, Emma said yes. The two were married on January 29, 1839, just before his thirtieth birthday. Emma was thirty also.
查尔斯工作虽忙得不可开交，他时常感到孤独。查尔斯想找个人分享他的生活。在他认识的姑娘中，他最喜欢的是他的表妹艾玛·韦奇伍德。艾玛的父亲是查尔斯的叔叔乔赛亚·韦奇伍德，曾帮助说服查尔斯的父亲让他乘坐小猎犬号环游世界的那位。查尔斯向爱玛求婚。让他高兴的是，艾玛竟答应了。两人于1839年1月29日结婚，就在他30岁生日前夕。艾玛当年也是30岁。
That same year, Charles published his first book, Journal of Researches. It was based on his Beagle diary. And in December of 1839, the Darwins' first child, William, was born. Charles and Emma decided to move to the country to have more space for their growing family. They also hoped that Charles's stomach problems would improve by moving away from the noisy, dirty city.
同年，查尔斯出版了他的第一本书《研究与记录》。这是根据他的贝格尔日记写的。1839年12月，达尔文的第一个孩子威廉出生了。查尔斯和艾玛决定搬到乡下，为他们不断壮大的家庭提供更多的空间。他们还希望，查尔斯离开这个嘈杂、肮脏的城市后，他的胃病会有所好转。
The Darwins moved to a small village called Downe, sixteen miles from London. They named their home “Down House.”
达尔文一家搬到了一个叫唐恩的小村庄，离伦敦16英里。他们把他们的家命名为“唐恩小筑”。
唐恩小筑（Down house；图片来源：extended-rds.org）
Charles loved exploring the fields, just like when he was a boy. He also kept writing in his secret notebooks. By 1842 he'd begun to put his ideas about natural selection into a long paper. His first draft was thirty-five pages long. Two years later, it had grown to two hundred pages. He asked Emma to publish his paper if he died suddenly. He called the paper his "species theory."
查尔斯喜欢野外探险，就像他小时候一样。他还一直在他的秘密笔记本上写东西。到1842年，他开始把他关于自然选择的想法写成一篇很长的论文。他的初稿有35页长。两年后，它增加到200页。他要求艾玛，如果他突然去世就发表他的论文。他称这篇论文为他的“物种理论”。
The word theory has two meanings, which we think of as "little-t theory" and "big-T theory." this point, Charles's theory was a "little-t theory.” It was a hunch that needed to be tested. In other words, Charles’s “species theory” was his ideas about evolution by natural selection.
理论这个词有两层意思，我们称之为“小t理论”和“大T理论”。此时看来，查尔斯的理论就是一个“小t理论”，这是一种需要验证的直觉。换句话说，查尔斯的“物种理论”是他关于自然选择进化的观点。
At this point, Charles’s opinions were based on good evidence, such as the finches. But there wasn’t enough evidence yet to call his idea as “big-T theory.” A “big-T theory” is a group of ideas, rules, or principles that explains why or how something happens.
在这一点上，查尔斯的观点是基于充分的证据，比如雀类。但还没有足够的证据将他的想法称为“大T理论”。“大T理论”是一组解释某事为什么或如何发生的想法、规则或原则。
But Charles’s letter to Emma shows that he knew his idea were very important. It also shows he was still afraid to step forward. So Charles continued to think and write in secret. He also worked on experiments, and wrote other books and scientific papers. He spent eight years studying sea creatures called barnacles. All his work helped Charles understand natural selection better.
但是查尔斯给艾玛的信，表明他知道他的想法是非常重要的。这也表明他仍然不敢上前。于是查尔斯继续秘密地思考和写作。他还从事实验工作，并撰写其他书籍和科学论文。他花了8年时间研究一种叫做藤壶的海洋生物。他所有这些工作，帮助查尔斯更好地理解自然选择。
Charles and Emma were also busy with their family. The Darwins had ten children. Three died in childhood, including Anne, their oldest daughter, who died in 1851 when she was ten. Annie had been her father’s favorite. Her death led Charles to drift away from religion.
查尔斯和艾玛也忙着照顾家人。达尔文家有十个孩子。其中三人在童年时期就去世了，包括他们的大女儿安妮，她死于1851年，当时只有10岁。安妮一直是她父亲的宠儿。她的死使查尔斯渐渐脱离了宗教。
The same year Annie died, Charles met the scientist Thomas Henry Huxley, who became a close friend. His other good friends were the geologist Charles Lyell and Joseph Hooker, a botanist. Sometimes Charles dropped hints to them about his ideas. But he wasn’t ready to show his secret paper even to them.
安妮去世的那一年，查尔斯遇到了科学家托马斯·亨利·赫胥黎，并成为了亲密的朋友。他的其他好朋友是地质学家查尔斯·莱尔和植物学家约瑟夫·胡克。有时查尔斯会暗示他们他的想法，但他却还没准备好向他们展示他的秘密文件。
Instead, Charles kept working to make his arguments stronger. He’d begun with scribbles in a notebook. Now he had more than two hundred thousand words! Would he ever be brave enough to publish his ideas?
相反，查尔斯继续努力使自己的论点更加有力。他开始在笔记本上乱涂乱画。现在他有二十万多字了！他会有足够的勇气发表他的想法吗？
Friends and supporters of evolution
进化论的支持者
Charles belonged to a community of scholars and thinkers. Charles's closest scientist friends were:
- Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817-1911). A botanist who made many expeditions to study plants.
- T. H. (Thomas Henry) Huxley (1825-1895). A biologist known as “Darwin bulldog” because he supported evolution so strongly. In 1868 he showed that birds had descended from dinosaurs.
- Sir Charles Lyell (1797-1875), a Scottish geologist whose work helped explain how the earth was formed.
查尔斯属于一个由学者和思想家组成的团体。查尔斯最亲密的科学家朋友是:
- 约瑟夫·道尔顿·胡克爵士(1817-1911)。为研究植物进行过多次探险的植物学家。
约瑟夫·道尔顿·胡克爵士（Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker；图片来源：Media Storehouse）
- t.h.赫胥黎(托马斯·亨利)。一位被称为“达尔文斗牛犬”的生物学家，因为他非常支持进化论。1868年，他证明了鸟类是从恐龙进化而来的。
托马斯·亨利（Thomas Henry；图片来源：deskarati.com）
- 查尔斯·莱尔爵士(1797-1875)，一位苏格兰地质学家，他的工作帮助解释了地球是如何形成的。
地质学家查尔斯·莱尔（Charles_Lyell, Scottish Geologist 图片来源：Science Photo Library）
***未完待续***
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