人称代词(Personal Pronoun)是指人或事物的代词。有人称、数、格的变化。第三人称单数的人称代词还有性的变化。
人称代词列表:
人称代词:主格、宾格
人称代词的句法功能1.作主语 (用主格形式)
主格主要用来做句子的主语,在正式文体中也可用作表语。
We are cooks.我们是厨师 。
I am a boy.
She is a teacher.
He is my friend.
It is a dog.
We are Chinese.
They are apples.
2.作表语 (用主格形式)
It's I.是我 。
注意: 在正式场合中,当表语的代词应采用主格形式。但是在口语习惯上人们常用宾格形式 。如:It's me.
3.作宾语 (用宾格形式)
宾格作宾语,在动词或者介词后:
This is me.
I don't know her.
This is my hat. Do you like it?这是我的帽子 。你喜欢吗?
Look at him.
I will give it to her.
在口语中,若省略谓语及其他成分的短句中,人称代词宾格可用作主语。如:——He has read the novel.——Me too.“他看过这小说”。“我也看过”。
4.作介宾 (用宾格形式)
My brother often takes care of me.我哥哥经常照顾我 。
人称代词的排列顺序1.两个或两个以上的人称代词并列使用时,对于单数人称代词,按“二三一”的顺序排列;对于复数人称代词,按“一二三”的顺序排列。如:
You, he and I must obey the rules.你,他和我都得遵守规则。
We, you and they should stay here.我们,你们和他们都应该留在这。
2.若要承担责任或过失时,则通常将第一人称放在前面。如:
It was I and Tom who were late.迟到的是我和汤姆。
3.表示男女的代词并排使用时,通常是先男后女。如:nobody likes such things except him and her.除了他和她,没有喜欢那样的东西。
人称代词使用宾格的五点注意1.会话中,在 be 后作表语用宾格不用主格。如:
—Who is it?—It’s me / him.—谁?—是我 / 他呀。
2.在单独使用或带 not 的简略回答中用宾格不用主格。如:
—Who wants a ride on my bike?—Me! (Not me!)—谁想骑我的自行车?—我!(不是我!)
—I like swimming.—Me too.—我喜欢游泳。—我也是。
3.在感叹疑问句中做主语,以引起强调。如:
—You can tell him.—Me tell him? Not likely!—你可以告诉他。—我告诉他?不可能!
—Susan, go and join your sIster cleaning the yard.—Why ? John is sitting there doing nothing. (全国卷)A. him B. he C. I D. me【分析】答案选D。
4.在 as 或 than 后,若没带有动词时,多用宾格。如:
I am as tall as him.我和他一样高。
I am taller than him.我比他高。
5.在下列之类的祈使句中。如:
He’s got to repay the money—poor him.他得偿还这笔钱——可怜的他呀!
使用人称代词的几个注意点1.指代国家、城市、地球、船舶、(雌性)动物等时,一般用代词 it,但也可用 she / her (带感情色彩)。如:
My car’s not fast, but she does 50 miles to the gallon.我的车不快,但每加仑油它能跑50英里。
2.当上文提到的人的性别不明时,一般用 he / him 来指代。如:
Whoever told you that, he was lying.无论谁对你那样说,他都在说谎。
If a person had so much money, he would do it in another way.要是一个人有那么多钱,他就会用另外一种方法做这事。
说明:对于 anybody, everybody, nobody, anyone, someone, everyone, no one 这类性别不明的不定代词,它们可用单数 he, him 指代,也可用复数 they, them指代,用单数较正式,用复数较口语化。如:If anybody [anyone] comes, ask him [them] to wait.要是有人来,让他等着。
3.代词 we, you, they 有时可用于泛指一般人。如:
We [You] ought to obey the law. 大家都应遵守法律。
#小学英语语法#
,