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应不少条友的私信要求，整理一些基础语法知识，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。本文主要学习《表示包括或排除的介词（but、including和besides）辨析(一)》。欢迎留言或私信交流，共同进步。
学习让我快乐！
一、but意为“除......之外”，多与表否定意义的词连用，表示“只有”的意思；例如：
- We've had nothing but trouble with this car. 我们这辆车净出毛病。
- Who but Rosa could think of something like that? 除了罗莎，谁会想得到那种事？
- He didn't speak anything but Greek. 他除了希腊语之外不会说其他任何语言。
二、including意为“包括在内”，还有补充说明的意思；例如：
- I've got three days' holiday including New Year's Day. 包括元旦在内我有三天假。
- Six people were killed in the riot, including a policeman. 暴乱中有六人死亡，包括一名警察。
- It's ￡7.50, not including tax. 共计7.50英镑，不含税款。
三、besides意为“除......之外（还）”，表示补充说明；例如：
- We have lots of things in common besides music. 除了音乐，我们还有很多共通点。
- Besides working as a doctor, he also writes novels in his spare time. 除了当医生之外，他在业余时间还写小说。
- I think she has many good qualities besides being very beautiful. 我觉得她除了非常漂亮之外，还有许多好的品质。
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欢迎大家关注、留言、点赞和转发，更多有用的知识每日更新，助力考上985！
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