供给、需求和均衡价格
需求量：在一定时期内·，其它条件不变，某一特定价格下，人们愿意且能够购买的商品数量。
需求：在一定特定时期，其它条件不变，在各种可能的价格水平下，人们愿意且能够购买的商品数量的集合。
需求曲线
需求定律
某种商品的价格越高，消费者愿意并且能够购买的该商品数量就会越少；反之，价格越低，消费者愿意并且能够购买的该商品数量就越多。
影响需求的因素
（1） 商品本身的价格。
（2） 相关商品的价格（替代品和互补品）
（3） 消费者的收入（吉芬品和正常品）
（4） 消费者对未来的自己的收入、商品价格的预期
（5） 消费者偏好
（6） 政府的消费政策
（7） 消费者数量与结构
需求曲线的特例
（1） 一条垂直直线
（2） 一条水平直线
（3） 需求曲线向右上方倾斜
需求量的变动和需求的变动
（1） 需求量的变动
其它因素不变，商品本身价格发生变化，需求曲线发生点的移动
（2） 需求的变动
该商品价格不变，其它因素发生变化，需求曲线发生位移变化
英文翻译
demand: The quantity of goods that people are willing and able to buy at a certain price in a certain period of time, with other conditions unchanged.
Demand: In a certain period of time, other conditions remain unchanged, and at various possible price levels, a collection of the number of commodities that people are willing and able to buy.
Law of demand
The higher the price of a certain commodity, the less the quantity of the commodity that consumers are willing and able to buy; conversely, the lower the price, the more the quantity of this commodity that consumers are willing and able to buy.
demand curve
Factors affecting demand
(1) The price of the product itself.
(2) Prices of related commodities (substitutes and complementary products)
(3) Consumers' income (Giffen products and normal products)
(4) Consumers' expectations of their own income and commodity prices in the future
(5) Consumer preferences
(6) Government's consumption policy
(7) Number and structure of consumers
Special case of demand curve
(1) A vertical straight line
(2) A horizontal straight line
(3) The demand curve slopes to the upper right
Changes in demand and changes in demand
(1) Changes in demand
Other factors remain unchanged, the price of the commodity itself changes, and the demand curve shifts.
(2) Changes in demand
The price of the commodity remains unchanged, other factors change,
参考资料：知乎，百度，谷歌翻译
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