【文献解读】
DHA和EPA是提高生活质量的必需营养素，它们通过细胞膜发挥作用。DHA已被证明对出生前和出生后的大脑发育有非常积极的影响，EPA则对行为和情绪更有影响。DHA和EPA都会产生神经保护代谢物。2007年9月，发表在期刊《The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine》的一篇文章中，作者详述了DHA和EPA对认知、行为和情绪的作用与影响。
在双盲、随机、对照试验中，DHA和EPA的联合应用已被证明有益于注意力缺陷多动障碍、阅读障碍和攻击性等症状。在情感性障碍方面，证实了对严重抑郁障碍和双相情感障碍的益处，使得精神分裂症症状得到一定的改善。认知功能减退和轻度认知障碍与组织中DHA、EPA水平降低相关，补充DHA与EPA以后认知功能得到了相应的改善。
文章中也指出了DHA/EPA与磷脂相结合的补充，进一步的细胞膜协同作用可以通过添加脂溶性抗氧化剂，如虾青素等来实现，利用这种协同作用有望治愈大脑功能失调的问题。
【文献节选】
The omega-3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are orthomolecular, conditionally essential nutrients that enhance quality of life and lower the risk of premature death. They function exclusively via cell membranes, in which they are anchored by phospholipid molecules. DHA is proven essential to pre- and postnatal brain development, whereas EPA seems more influential on behavior and mood. Both DHA and EPA generate neuroprotective metabolites. In doubleblind, randomized, controlled trials, DHA and EPA combinations have been shown to benefit attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD), autism, dyspraxia, dyslexia, and aggression. For the affective disorders, meta-analyses confirm benefits in major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder, with promising results in schizophrenia and initial benefit for borderline personality disorder. Accelerated cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) correlate with lowered tissue levels of DHA/EPA, and supplementation has improved cognitive function.
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