新概念英语(三) Lesson4 The double life of Alfred Bloggs语法知识解析及课文翻译
一、课文Lesson4The double life of Alfred BloggsThese days, people who do manual work often receive far more money than clerks who work in offices. People who work in offices are frequently referred to as' white collar workers' for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work. Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers. This can give rise to curious situations, as it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation.
When he got married, Alf was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job. He simply told her that he worked for the Corporation. Every morning, he left home dressed in a smart black suit. He then changed into overalls (n.工作服) and spent the next eight hours as a dustman. Before returning home at night, he took a shower and changed back into his suit. Alf did this for over two years and his fellow dustmen kept his secret. Alf's wife has never discovered that she married a dustman and she never will, for Alf has just found another job. He will soon be working in an office as a junior clerk. He will be earning only half as much as he used to, but he feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money. From now on, he will wear a suit all day and others will call him 'Mr. Bloggs', not 'Alf'.
二、语法知识点及长难句分析
(一) 重点词汇1. manual adj.体力的 （= physical adj.身体的, 物质的）, manual work 体力工作=physical work, mental work 脑力工作
sacrifice vt.牺牲，献出 （to give up for good purpose）， -- sacrifice one's life for the country为国家献身， -- sacrifice time牺牲时间、贡献时间， sacrifice n.牺牲 （-- make many sacrifices）
2. privilege n.好处 （= advantage n.优势, 有利条件, 利益）。-- sacrifice one's advantage/privilege 牺牲掉某人的好处，privilege n.特权, 特别待遇（= special right）， -- give sb the privilege of doing sth 特许某人做某事，privileged a.荣幸的=honored。
-- We are privileged tonight to have our headmaster as our speaker.
3. secret n.秘密 adj.秘密的, 隐秘的。keep sth secret 保密
in secret 私下里（= secretly, in private, privately）: I was told about it in secret.
in the secret 知道内情: He was in the secret from the beginning.
(二) 语法知识点及长难句分析1. These days, people who do manual work often receive far more money than people who work in offices. 如今，从事体力劳动的人的收入一般要比坐办公室的人高出许多。
people who do manual work = blue-collar workers
people who do mental work = white-collar workers = people who work in offices
for more money（far副词用来加强语气= much）
2. People who work in offices are frequently referred to as ‘white-collar workers’ for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work.坐办公室的人之所以常常被称作“白领工人”，就是因为他们通常是穿着硬领白衬衫、系着领带去上班。语法分析：refer to…as…称… 为….；for the simple reason 因为这样一个很简单的原因；that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work 是reason的同位语从句
refer to...as = regard...as 把...看作为: I always refer to him as a fool.
for the simple reason = for 引导的原因状语从句 “出于这个原因”
for the reason that（后加从句）多用于正式文体，==because或for多用于口语中。
He is referred to as a book worm for the simple reason that he spare no efforts reading.
Tom was put into prison just for the reason that he had stolen a piece of bread. 汤姆被判入狱，仅仅是因为他偷了一块面包。
He was sent to prison, for he could not pay his debts.
3. Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.
许多人常常愿意放弃较高的薪水以换取做白领工人的殊荣，此乃人之常情。语法分析：Such位于句首，起强调作用，其后需倒装is human nature，that引导的从句是such的同位语从句。sacrifice … for….意为放弃…以换取…
such...that... （that引导同位语从句, 进一步补充说明such的基本内涵）
His kindness was such that we will never forget him. = Such was his kindness that we will never forget him. （such在句首要倒装）; = He was so kind that we will never forget him.
介词for表示一种目的
be willing to do sth = be ready to do sth 心甘情愿做
be unwilling to do sth不愿意做某事
4. This can give rise to curious situations, as it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation.而这常常会引起种种奇怪的现象，在埃尔斯米尔公司当清洁工的艾尔弗雷德.布洛斯就是一个例子。
give rise to =（lead to v.导致, 通向）表示“导致、引起”的词汇还有：result in、cause
Such conduct might give rise to misunderstandings. 这种行为会引起误解。
The bad conditions have given rise to a lot of crimes. 不良的环境引起了犯罪。
in the case of 就...来说, 关于, 就...而言 （= concerning prep.关于, 涉及, 就...说）
Stealing is no shame in the case of him. 偷窃对他来说不是一件可耻的事。
in case of（副词）万一, 以防 ☞（in case conj.万一）
in case of 名词, in case that 句子 以防万一
You should ensure your house in case of fire. （ensure vt.保证; 担保, 保险）
Take umbrella in case of rain 带上雨伞以防下雨。
5. .When he got married, Alf was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job.艾尔弗结婚时，感到非常难为情，而没有将自己的职业告诉妻子。
语法分析：too… to… 意为太…以至于不能…too embarrassed to say 太尴尬而没有说明
be ashamed of 感到羞愧, 惭愧: Alf was ashamed of his job as a dustman.
Sb is/are too adj to do sth=sb is /sre so adj that 从句 太……了以至于不能……
It is too adj for sb to do sth对某人来说太……了以至于不能……
--He is too tired to walk any longer.他太累了，再也走不动了。
=He is so tired that he couldn’t walk any longer.
--It was too difficult for him to finish the task within 5 days, but he is able to do that easily now.在过去，对他来说在五天内完成任务太难了，但现在他能轻松地做到。
marry 强调动作 -- He married the girl. 他娶了这个女孩。
get married 强调过程-- Last year they got married.
be married （to sb） 强调状态-- The old man has been married to his wife for 50 years.
6. He simply told her that he worked for the Corporation.
simply 副词--用来修饰限定动词told，“仅仅”
7. Every morning, he left home dressed in a smart black suit.早晨，他穿上一身漂亮的黑色西装离家上班。dressed in a smart black suit 穿上一身漂亮的黑色西装
dressed分词作状语=wearing
He go to work dressed in a beautiful coat.
He left home wearing a smart black suit.
8. He then changed into overalls and spent the next eight hours as a dustman.然后换上工作服，当8个小时清洁工。
changed into 换上、变为==change back into 换回
9. Before returning home at night, he took a shower and changed back into his suit.
Before returning home = Before he returned home
before和动名词搭配, 相当于before引导的时间状语从句。 如果运用动名词形式，其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语
-- After getting home, he had a good rest.
-- Before having dinner, he finished all his homework.
take a shower淋浴、洗澡=take a bath
10. Alf did this for over two years and his fellow dustmen kept his secret. Alf's wife has never discovered that she married a dustman and she never will, for Alf has just found another job. He will soon be working in an office.两年多以来，艾尔弗一直这样，他的同事也为他保守秘密。艾尔弗的妻子一直不知道她嫁给了一个清洁工，而且她永远也不会知道了，因为艾尔弗已找到薪职，不久就要坐办公室里工作了。
she never will = she will never discover the secret，在省略句式中, never要放在助动词之前。e.g.
“Will you go to see her?”-- “I will never go to to see her" = "No, I never will."discover发现, 辨析：find，create，invent，discover
find主要意思是“发现，发现、得到、找到，找到丢失的人或物”，或指“感到”。
create主要意思是“创造”，经过努力/劳动使事物从无到有，即产生新的东西，其对象往往是理念或精神上的。如艺术、文学作品中的人物以及新的科学领域等，也可指创造出新的具体事物。
invent主要意思是“发明”，发明（过去不存在的事物）、编造、捏造，是指产生前所未有的东西，其对象往往是物质性的invention n.发明 inventor n. 发明家
discover主要意思是“发现”，发现（本来就存在却不为人所知的），其对象是一直存在但以往未被人们发现或了解的东西。如元素、地域或客观规律等。discovery n. 发现 discoverer n. 发现者
三、课文翻译参考如今，从事体力劳动的人的收入一般要比坐办公室的人高出许多。坐办公室的之所以常常被称作“白领工人”，就是因为他们通常是穿着硬领白衬衫，系着领带去上班。许多人常常情愿放弃较高的薪水以换取做白领工人的殊荣，此乃人之常情。而这常常会引起种种奇怪的现象，在埃尔斯米尔公司当清洁工的艾尔弗雷德.布洛斯就是一个例子。
艾尔弗结婚时，感到非常难为情，而没有将自己的职业告诉妻子。他只说在埃尔斯米尔公司上班。每天早晨，他穿上一身漂亮的黑色西装离家上班，然后换上工作服，当8个小时清洁工。晚上回家前，他洗个淋浴，重新换上那身黑色西服。两年多以来，艾尔弗一直这样，他的同事也为他保守秘密。艾尔弗的妻子一直不知道她嫁给了一个清洁工，而且她永远也不会知道了，因为艾尔弗已找到薪职，不久就要坐办公室里工作了。他将来挣的钱只有他现在的一半。不过他觉得，地位升高了，损失点儿钱也值得。从此，艾尔弗可以一天到晚穿西服了。别人将称呼他为“布洛格斯先生”，而不再叫他“艾尔弗”了。
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