介词by有五个常用意思和五个常用短语,现归纳如下。

1.by表示“在……旁边,靠近”。比如:Stand by me.站在我身边。The telephone is by the window.电话在窗户旁边。

2.by指时间时,意思为“……之前,不迟于”。比如:I shall be back by 6 o’clock.我最迟六点钟回来。

By next Monday we ought to have finished the homework.下星期五之前我们应该完成了作业。He ought to have arrived by now/by this time.他现在应该已经到了。

by是什么意思网络流行语(介词by)(1)

3.by表示“被”。比如:I was amazed by their lack of professionalism.我为他们的缺乏职业精神所震惊。We want to hear the symphony by Beethoven.我们想听贝多芬创作的交响曲。

4.by表示“以……方式”。比如:The house is heated by gas.这房子是煤气供暖的。I will contact you by letter.我会给你写信联系的。

If you're travelling by car, ask whether there are parking facilities nearby.如果你开汽车旅行,问问附近是否有停车设施。

by是什么意思网络流行语(介词by)(2)

5.by表示“根据,按照”。比如:Don’t judge a person simply by his appearance.不要简单地根据外表来判断一个人。By my watch it is two o'clock.我的表是两点钟。

由by构成的常见短语如下:

1.by and by指“不久,迟早”。比如:We'll surely meet again by and by.不久我们一定能再相见。By and by the days turned warm.渐渐地,天变暖了。He'll come round by and by.他会慢慢想通的。

by是什么意思网络流行语(介词by)(3)

2.by oneself指“独自地;独立地”。比如:The man is sitting by himself in a corner.这个男人正独自坐在角落里。I didn't know if I could raise a child by myself.我不知道是否能独立抚养一个孩子。

3.by chance指“偶然,碰巧,意外地”。比如:I saw the letter purely by chance.我看见这封信纯属偶然。Several years after they'd split up they met again by chance in Paris.他们分手几年以后在巴黎又偶然相遇。

4.by mistake的意思是“错误地,由疏忽所致,无意地”。比如:I did it by mistake.我误做了这事。I took your bag instead of mine by mistake.我不巧错拿了你的包。

by是什么意思网络流行语(介词by)(4)

5.by and large指“大体上,总的来说”。比如:By and large, I enjoyed my time at school.总的说来,我在学校很开心。By and large, these people are peace-loving citizens.这些人总的来说都是热爱和平的公民。

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