Australia census: Five ways the country is changing
图片来源，盖蒂图片社
澳大利亚的全国性调查揭示了国家的人口结构迅速变化
Australia's national survey reveals a country with rapidly changing demographics
澳大利亚五年一次的人口普查结果已经公布，描绘了一个正在经历重大变化的国家图景。
The results of Australia's five-yearly census have been released, painting a picture of a country undergoing significant change.
在2021年的调查中，人口增长到2550万，比2016年增加了210万，平均收入略微提高。
The population grew to 25.5 million in the 2021 survey - up 2.1 million from 2016 - and average incomes were slightly higher.
人口普查还揭示了有助于塑造该国未来的趋势。这里有五个主要方面：
The census also revealed trends that will help shape the country's future. Here are five.
澳大利亚正变得越来越不信教
Australia is becoming less religious
认为自己是基督徒的澳大利亚人首次未达到人口的一半（44%），澳大利亚统计局（ABS）表示.就在50多年前，这一比例约为90%。
For the first time, fewer than half of Australians (44%) identify as Christian, the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) said. Just over 50 years ago, the proportion was about 90%.
虽然基督教仍然是最大的宗教，但紧随其后的是那些根本没有宗教信仰的人。该队列已增加到39%，增加了近9%。
Although Christianity remains the biggest religion, it is closely followed by those with no religion at all. That cohort has increased to 39%, up by almost 9%.
印度教和伊斯兰教是澳大利亚增长最快的宗教，但每个宗教都只有大约3%的人口。
Hinduism and Islam are the fastest growing religions in Australia, but each are followed by only around 3% of the population.
但它也变得越来越多样化。
But it's also becoming more diverse
现代澳大利亚建立在移民的基础上。现在超过一半的人出生在海外或父母是海外出生的。
Modern Australia has been built on immigration. And now more than half of people were born overseas or have a parent who was.
大流行期间移民速度放缓，但自2016年以来已经有超过一百万人移居澳大利亚。其中，近四分之一来自印度。
印度已经超过中国和新西兰，成为仅次于澳大利亚和英国的第三大出生国。
Migration has slowed during the pandemic, but more than a million people have moved to Australia since 2016. Of those, almost a quarter were from India.
India has overtaken China and New Zealand to become the third-largest country of birth, behind Australia and England.
五分之一的人在家里说英语以外的语言 - 最常见的是中文或阿拉伯语 - 自2016年以来增加了近80万。
One in five people speak a language other than English at home - most commonly Chinese or Arabic - an increase of almost 800,000 since 2016.
原住民人口较多
The Indigenous population is larger
被认定为原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民的人数比上次人口普查增加了四分之一。
The number of people who identified as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander jumped by a quarter from the last census.
ABS表示，出生促进了人口的增长，但人们也越来越习惯于将自己视为原住民。
Births contributed to the growth but people are also becoming more comfortable with identifying themselves as Indigenous, the ABS says.
澳大利亚原住民现在有812，728人 ， 约占人口的3.2%。
Indigenous Australians now number 812,728 - about 3.2% of the population.
Wayne Quilliam: Photographing the diversity of Aboriginal Australia
上图：Wayne Quilliam：拍摄澳大利亚原住民的多样性
上图：Wayne Quilliam：拍摄澳大利亚原住民的多样性
上图：Wayne Quilliam：拍摄澳大利亚原住民的多样性
数据显示，澳大利亚有超过78，000人在使用167种活跃的原住民或托雷斯海峡岛民语言。
The data shows there are 167 active Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander languages, spoken by more than 78,000 people across Australia.
据估计，在欧洲人于1788年到达之前，原住民人口规模范围约为31.5万人到超过100万人。从那时起，由于新的疾病、暴力、流离失所和被剥夺，它急剧地下降。
Estimates of Indigenous population size before Europeans arrived in 1788 range from 315,000 to more than one million people. It sharply declined from that point due to new diseases, violence, displacement and dispossession.
千禧一代迎头赶上
Millennials now have the numbers
另一个关键发现是，澳大利亚正处于重大代际转变的风口浪尖。
Another key finding is that Australia is on the cusp of a significant generational shift.
婴儿潮一代 - 1946年至1965年之间出生的人 - 以前是该国最大的一代。现在，出生于1981年至1995年间的千禧一代已经迎头赶上。
Baby Boomers - those born between 1946 and 1965 - have previously been the country's largest generation. Now Millennials - born between 1981 and 1995 - have caught up.
每一代人占人口的21.5%。
Each generation accounts for 21.5% of the population.
专家表示，这可能会很大程度地有助于为住房和老年护理等相关政策提供信息支持。
That's likely to hugely inform policies on issues such as housing and aged care, experts say.
房屋所有权没怎么增长，但大篷车越来越受欢迎
Home ownership is stagnant, but caravans are increasingly popular
与25年前相比澳大利亚人购买房屋的人的占比变化不大，但还清房贷的人数却越来越少。
A similar share of Australians to 25 years ago are buying houses, but fewer are paying them off.
自1996年以来，抵押贷款的人数翻了一番，此后房地产价格飙升。
The number of people with a mortgage has doubled since 1996, with property prices skyrocketing since.
根据2022年的一份报告，澳大利亚城市现在在住房负担能力排名方面是全球最差的城市之一。
Australian cities now rank among the worst globally for housing affordability, according to a 2022 report.
但人口普查还显示，越来越多的人正在转向替代住房 - 这可能是由新冠大流行刺激的。
But the census also revealed that more people are turning to alternative dwellings - something likely spurred on by the pandemic.
大篷车的数量 - 受到国内游客的欢迎 - 增加了150%。澳大利亚人现在拥有60，000辆大篷车和近30，000艘船屋。
The number of caravans - popular with domestic tourists - jumped by 150%. Australians now own 60,000 caravans and almost 30,000 houseboats.
BBC News, Sydney
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